Pediatric sinogenic epidural and subdural empyema: The role of endoscopic sinus surgery

Systematic review and case report: Intracranial complications of pediatric sinusitis

“…In the studies that employed cranialization [3,13,17], the patients who were not cranialized underwent FESS as part of the acute surgical management to accelerate clinical improvement. The role of extended FESS during emergent surgery of an unstable patient has been debated in the past, but recent studies report more favorable outcomes with such an aggressive rhinological approach [17,23,24] and some cases of epidural empyema may even be treated successfully solely with this intervention [25]. Regarding the use of FESS outside of the acute setting, the literature on intracranial complications of rhinosinusitis in the adult population describes FESS being performed for persistent frontal sinusitis following initial treatment [24].…”

Editorial. Endoscopic sinus surgery in sinusitis-induced intracranial abscess: concepts and controversies

“…The authors concluded that ESS does not add substantially to a reduction in mortality, readmission rates, reoperation rates, or length of hospital stay in patients with SIIA requiring neurosurgical intervention. 4 These conclusions are in contrast to some previously published reports 2,5 and are supported by others. 1,3 Koizumi et al 4 investigated the association between outcomes in patients undergoing neurosurgical interventions for SIIA and an ESS performed within the same hospitalization.…”

“…SIIA carries a mortality risk of 0%-7% and a morbidity risk of 10%-25%. [1][2][3]5 The most common patterns of SIIA in decreasing frequency are subdural empyema, intracerebral abscess, extradural abscess, meningitis, and, more rarely, sinus thrombosis. Intracranial spread of infective foci from the paranasal sinuses (PNSs) can result from either direct contiguous spread via bony defects/ ostomyelitic bone or indirect hematogenous spread via thrombophlebitis of valveless diploic veins draining PNSs, leading to spread of infection by thrombus propagation or release of septic emboli.…”

Intracranial subdural abscess with polymicrobial infections due to frontal sinusitis in an adolescent: life‐threatening complication of a common disease

“…According to their report, sinus surgery is required in 91.4% patients and both sinus surgery and neurosurgery are required in 62.8% patients . Garin et al reported that patients with sinogenic subdural abscess significantly have persistent symptoms and require more surgical procedures than those with epidural abscess; furthermore, ESS has a critical role in surgical management. In the present case, antibiotic therapy alone was ineffective and burr hole craniotomy was initially performed; however, ESS, in addition to second‐time burr hole craniotomy, helped control the infection and stabilized the patient's condition.…”