Pediatric radiation protection

Raissaki, Maria

doi:10.1007/s10406-004-0011-7

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Liakos et al (2001) reported that only 1.6% of pelvic radiographs had the correct placement of gonad shields (14). The results of this study are worrying as the importance of gonad shielding has been well established in the literature (4,6,11). It seems that, in procedures in which gonads are exposed in the primary beam, it is difficult to correctly position the gonad shields so that gonads are completely obscured whilst not concealing important anatomical data (4,6,7,11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The results of this study are worrying as the importance of gonad shielding has been well established in the literature (4,6,11). It seems that, in procedures in which gonads are exposed in the primary beam, it is difficult to correctly position the gonad shields so that gonads are completely obscured whilst not concealing important anatomical data (4,6,7,11). MacKay et al (2012) believed that "one of the main reasons for omission of the gonad shield is a lack confidence or skill in the gonad shield placement of radiographers and the attitude that gonad shielding is not applied to patients whilst not compromising the diagnostic quality of the image" (7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Gonadal shields are divided into contact and shadow shields. Contact shields (applied to the patient's gonads) are more interesting compared to shadow shields (which are adjusted on the tube) due to a greater reduction in the gonad dose (9)(10)(11). Various designs of gonad shields are available, depending on the patient's age and gender.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various designs of gonad shields are available, depending on the patient's age and gender. Gonad shielding should always be performed if the gonads are within or near the primary beam (5 cm), unless the presence of the shield disturbs important anatomical data (6,10,11). Proper gonad shielding can reduce the dose to the testes and the ovaries by about 95% and 50%, respectively (6,11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gonad shielding should always be performed if the gonads are within or near the primary beam (5 cm), unless the presence of the shield disturbs important anatomical data (6,10,11). Proper gonad shielding can reduce the dose to the testes and the ovaries by about 95% and 50%, respectively (6,11). A lack of or inadequate shielding of the gonads may increase the exposure of these organs and result in both genetic and hereditary effects in future generations (12,13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gonad Shielding for Patients Undergoing Conventional Radiological Examinations: Is There Cause for Concern?

Karami

Zabihzadeh

Gholami

2016

Jentashapir J Health Res

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Background: Gonad shielding is one of the fundamental methods by which to protect reproductive organs in patients undergoing conventional radiological examinations. A lack of or inadequate shielding of the gonads may increase the exposure of these organs and result in malignancies future generations. Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of gonad shielding in patients undergoing conventional radiological examinations and the availability of gonad shields and gonad shielding protocols in radiology departments. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, observational cross-sectional study on the application of gonad shielding, the availability of gonad shields and the existence of gonad shielding protocols in radiology departments was performed in five different hospitals in Ahvaz, Iran. Results: The highest application of gonad shielding was 6.6% for the pediatric hospital. The prevalence of gonad shielding was less than 0.2%. In 64.3% of the radiography rooms, at least one flat-contact gonad shield of a large size was available. Only large-sized gonad shields were available. Curved-contact and shadow gonad shields did not exist. Gonad shielding protocols were not existence in any of the fourteen radiography rooms investigated. Conclusions: Comprehensive protection programs with on-the-job training courses for staff members are strongly recommended, as well as, the provision of radiological shields and gonad shielding protocols in radiology departments to reduce the patient's radiation dose during radiological examinations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Gonad Shielding for Patients Undergoing Conventional Radiological Examinations: Is There Cause for Concern?

Karami

Zabihzadeh

Gholami

2016

Jentashapir J Health Res

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Influence of the antiscatter grid on dose and image quality in pediatric interventional cardiology X‐ray systems

Ubeda

Vañó

González

et al. 2013

Cathet Cardio Intervent

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Objective: To present a methodology and experimental results to assess the influence, in terms of dose and image quality, of the antiscatter grid (AG) in a pediatric cardiology X-ray system. Method: Entrance surface air kerma and image quality, using a test object and different added thicknesses of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), for three different acquisition protocols, were measured with and without the AG, for fluoroscopy and cine modes. The image quality parameters, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), highcontrast spatial resolution (HCSR) and two figures of merit (FOM) were evaluated. Results: The average bucky factor values measured during this experiment were 1.99, 2.49, 2.85, and 3.30, respectively for 4, 8, 12, and 16 cm of PMMA. SNR variations do not appear to be relevant when removing the AG. However, the use of AG improves HCSR significantly. Imaging the test object with 4 cm of PMMA seems appropriate without the AG, but for 8 cm (equivalent to chest thicknesses of 12 cm) and greater thicknesses, a good image quality would require the use of AG. Conclusions: The AG should not be used for neonates and very young children with chest thicknesses equal to or less than 6 cm and weight less that 6 kg.V C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Determination of Gold Standard Techniques for Skull and Chest in Pediatric Computed Radiography

et al. 2015

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Pediatric radiation protection

Cited by 29 publications

References 55 publications

Gonad Shielding for Patients Undergoing Conventional Radiological Examinations: Is There Cause for Concern?

Gonad Shielding for Patients Undergoing Conventional Radiological Examinations: Is There Cause for Concern?

Influence of the antiscatter grid on dose and image quality in pediatric interventional cardiology X‐ray systems

Determination of Gold Standard Techniques for Skull and Chest in Pediatric Computed Radiography

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