Pediatric primary intraventricular hemorrhage: A case report of isolated fourth ventricle hemorrhage in a 10‐year‐old boy

Abstract

Key Clinical MessagePrimary intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) is a rare condition in pediatric patients, presenting with headache, vomiting, and altered mental status. Surgical interventions, such as external ventricular drain placement, followed by ventriculoperitoneal shunting, show promising outcomes. Further research is needed to enhance understanding and optimize management strategies for pediatric PIVH.AbstractThis case report describes a 10‐year‐old boy with isolated primary intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) in the fourth ventricle, shedding light on its clinical presentation and management challenges. The patient presented with headache, vomiting, and altered sensorium, and was subsequently diagnosed with obstructive hydrocephalus due to intraventricular bleeding. Emergency external ventricular drain (EVD) insertion was performed, followed by ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement, resulting in a favorable outcome. The etiology of PIVH in children differs from that in adults, with arteriovenous malformations, Moyamoya disease, and aneurysms being commonly implicated causes. Management strategies for pediatric PIVH are challenging due to limited research, but EVD placement and surgical interventions have shown promise.

Posttraumatic hydrocephalus: Recent advances and new therapeutic strategies

“…The occurrence of PTH is attributed to varied aetiologies in both pediatric and adult populations. 65 TBI in the pediatric population can have fatal and long-lasting effects on the developing brain. Understanding the pathogenesis (Figure 2) and the associated effects of TBI in this population is thus vital in devising a comprehensive treatment plan to address the complications of it as well.…”