Pediatric Poisonings in Children Younger than Five Years Responded to by Paramedics

Vilke, Gary M.; Douglas, Danielle J.; Shipp, Holly E; Stepanski, Barbara M.; Smith, Alan; Ray, Leslie Upledger; Castillo, Edward M.

doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2010.10.018

Cited by 18 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…2,4,8,9,39,40 Children are most commonly exposed to pharmaceutical toxic substances as a result of their exploration of their environment without the intention of causing self-inflicted harm; therefore, they are not typically exposed to dose ranges that could lead to moderate or major health effects. However, some prescriptions, both human and veterinary, could be highly dangerous even at low dosages, especially for small children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 -7 Almost one-half (48%) of the annual calls to poison centers involve children ≤5 years of age. 7,8 Young children are more likely to be exposed due to developmental changes, such as improved mobility, that allow them to explore and interact with their environment. 8 -11 Additionally, parents and caretakers may underestimate the child's ability and developmental stage, thus leaving toxic substances within reach of the child.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…8 -11 Additionally, parents and caretakers may underestimate the child's ability and developmental stage, thus leaving toxic substances within reach of the child. 8 One of the most common sources for poisonings among children is unintentional exposure to general pharmaceutical products. 8,9 According to the Association of American Poison Control Centers, children <6 years of age account for more than half of all unintentional pharmaceutical exposures.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…8 One of the most common sources for poisonings among children is unintentional exposure to general pharmaceutical products. 8,9 According to the Association of American Poison Control Centers, children <6 years of age account for more than half of all unintentional pharmaceutical exposures. 7, 12 -23 Previous research has described common risk factors, such as improper storage of medication in handbags, on the counter, or in containers that allow easy access to children.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Pediatric Exposures to Veterinary Pharmaceuticals

Tomasi

Roberts

Stull³

et al. 2017

Pediatrics

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To describe the epidemiology of veterinary pharmaceutical-related exposures to children based on calls to a regional poison control center. METHODS:A retrospective analysis of pediatric (≤19 years of age) exposures to pharmaceutical products intended for animal use, managed by a regional poison control center from 1999 through 2013, was conducted. Case narratives were reviewed and coded for exposure-related circumstances and intended species. Descriptive statistics were generated. RESULTS:From 1999 through 2013, the Central Ohio Poison Center received 1431 calls that related to a veterinary pharmaceutical exposure for children ≤19 years of age. Most of the pediatric calls (87.6%) involved children ≤5 years of age. Exploratory behavior was the most common exposure-related circumstance (61.4%) and ingestion accounted for the exposure route in 93% of cases. Substances commonly associated with exposures included: veterinary drugs without human equivalent (17.3%), antimicrobial agents (14.8%), and antiparasitics (14.6%). Based on substance and quantity, the majority of exposures (96.9%) were not expected to result in long-term or lasting health effects and were managed at home (94.1%). A total of 80 cases (5.6%) were referred to a health care facility, and 2 cases resulted in a moderate health effect.CONCLUSIONS: Children ≤5 years of age are most at risk for veterinary pharmaceutical-related exposures. Although most exposures do not result in a serious medical outcome, efforts to increase public awareness, appropriate product dispensing procedures, and attention to home storage practices may reduce the risk of veterinary pharmaceutical exposures to young children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pediatric Exposures to Veterinary Pharmaceuticals

Tomasi

Roberts

Stull³

et al. 2017

Pediatrics

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“…[3][4][5] Hydrocarbons are ubiquitous in our society, are commonly found in the home, and often result in exposures or injuries to children. 6 In 2010, there were over two million poison exposures reported to US regional poison centers (RPCs), half of which were exposures involving children #5 years of age.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pediatric Hydrocarbon-Related Injuries in the United States: 2000–2009

et al. 2013

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OBJECTIVE: To generate national estimates of hydrocarbon-related exposures occurring in children ≤5 years of age who were treated in US emergency departments or called a regional poison control center. METHODS: This retrospective review compared hydrocarbon-related injuries that occurred from January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2009, that were reported to the National Poison Data System and the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System for children ≤5 years of age. RESULTS: From 2000 through 2009, the National Poison Data System reported 65 756 actual calls to regional poison centers, and the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System reported an estimated 40 158 emergency department visits for hydrocarbon-related injuries. Individuals involved were predominantly male and 1 to 2 years of age. Ingestion was the most common mechanism of injury, and most injuries did not result in hospitalization. The rate of emergency department visits and calls to poison centers decreased significantly (P < .0001) over the 10-year study period. Exposures to hydrocarbons demonstrated seasonal variation, with more occurrences in the summer months. CONCLUSIONS: The comparison of the two data sets illustrates a similar trend in hydrocarbon-related injuries in children. Although cases have declined, most likely due to existing prevention efforts, hydrocarbons are still a large source of preventable exposure and injury in children.

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