Pediatric Neurotuberculosis: A cases series and review of the literature

Jamoussi, Maha; Benrhouma, Hanène; Miladi, Zouhour; Younes, Thouraya Ben; Klaa, Hédia; Rouissi, Aïda; Kraoua, Ichraf; Youssef, Ilhem Ben

doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2023.01.012

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…It may affect the meninges, brain parenchyma, vessels, cranial and spinal nerves, spinal cord, skull, and spine and can occur either in a localized form (e.g., tuberculoma, abscess, focal cerebritis) or in a diffuse form (e.g., leptomeningitis, vasculitis, toxic or treatment-related de-/dysmyelination). It is a mimicker of numerous diseases and the differential diagnosis includes 5,9,12,[16][17][18] : (1) infectious diseases (e.g., nontuberculous bacterial, viral, parasitic or fungal meningitis); (2) noninfectious inflammatory or autoimmune diseases (e.g., acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, sarcoidosis, rheumatoid disease); or (3) neoplastic diseases, such as lymphoma and meningeal carcinomatosis (e.g., meningeal spread of primary malignant CNS tumors in children) (Table 2 and Figure 1).…”

Section: Specific Issues When Diagnosing Cns Tb and The Role Of Mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neurotuberculosis is defined as a tuberculous infection of the meninges, brain, and spinal cord isolated or in various combinations. 1,2 In most cases, it occurs after an initial pulmonary infection with secondary hematogenous spread of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis with invasion of meninges. Rarely, an infection may develop due to the rupture of a tubercle into the subarachnoid space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,4 While pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is the most common presentation, involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is often difficult to diagnose and the most severe form. 2,5 It may lead to serious neurological sequelae, 6 and it is associated with a high morbidity and mortality, especially if treatment is delayed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pediatric and adult meningeal, parenchymal, and spinal tuberculosis: A neuroimaging review

Mertiri,

Freiling,

Desai

et al. 2023

Journal of Neuroimaging

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Neurotuberculosis is defined as a tuberculous infection of the meninges, brain parenchyma, vessels, cranial and spinal nerves, spinal cord, skull, and spine that can occur either in a localized or in a diffuse form.It is a heterogeneous disease characterized by many imaging appearances and it has been defined as “the great mimicker” due to similarities with many other conditions.The diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis (TB) is based on clinical presentation, neuroimaging findings, laboratory and microbiological findings, and comprehensive evaluation of the response to anti‐TB drug treatment.However, the absence of specific symptoms, the wide spectrum of neurological manifestations, the myriad of imaging findings, possible inconclusive laboratory results, and the paradoxical reaction to treatment make the diagnosis often challenging and difficult, potentially delaying adequate treatment with possible devastating short‐term and long‐term neurologic sequelae.Familiarity with the imaging characteristics helps in accurate diagnosis and may prevent or limit significantly morbidity and mortality. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive up‐to‐date overview of the conventional and advanced imaging features of CNS TB for radiologists, neuroradiologists, and pediatric radiologists. We discuss the most typical neurotuberculosis imaging findings and their differential diagnosis in children and adults with the goal to provide a global overview of this entity.

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Section: Specific Issues When Diagnosing Cns Tb and The Role Of Mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pediatric and adult meningeal, parenchymal, and spinal tuberculosis: A neuroimaging review

Mertiri,

Freiling,

Desai

et al. 2023

Journal of Neuroimaging

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Imaging in Neurotuberculosis

Agarwal,

Charan,

Shah

et al. 2024

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Central nervous system tuberculosis can occur in various forms and carries high morbidity despite anti-tubercular treatment. Accurate and early diagnosis based on imaging can help improve prognosis and prevent complications. Confirmation of tubercular bacteria in CSF culture methods, and molecular analysis poses challenges due to invasive and time-consuming procedures. Advanced neuroimaging techniques are greatly helpful in making presumptive diagnoses. Here we described imaging features of multiple forms of CNS tuberculosis with advanced neuroimaging. This paper will help neuroradiologists to identify CNS TB and related imaging features.

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Pediatric Neurotuberculosis: A cases series and review of the literature

Cited by 2 publications

References 22 publications

Pediatric and adult meningeal, parenchymal, and spinal tuberculosis: A neuroimaging review

Pediatric and adult meningeal, parenchymal, and spinal tuberculosis: A neuroimaging review

Imaging in Neurotuberculosis

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