Pediatric Musculoskeletal Infections

Butt, Frederick E; Lee, Edward Y.; Chaturvedi, Apeksha

doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2021.08.012

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Young children are more susceptible to septic arthritis due to direct vascular communication between the epiphysis and the metaphysis under one year of age, and the intraarticular location of the metaphyses of several long bones (2,7,(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21) . MSK infection following therapeutic or diagnostic joint procedures is rare.…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Msk Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3) is a bacterial, mycobacterial or fungal infection of skeletal muscle, usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus, resulting in muscular edema and often phlegmon and abscess formation (1,2,26,28,31) . Patients with underlying muscle injury are at an increased risk of developing pyomyositis (20,28,31,32) . Underlying systemic illnesses, such as human immunodeficiency virus infection, diabetes mellitus, malnutrition, hematologic malignancy, and organ transplantation, also increase the risk of pyomyositis (18,28,29,33) .…”

Section: Myositismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Underlying systemic illnesses, such as human immunodeficiency virus infection, diabetes mellitus, malnutrition, hematologic malignancy, and organ transplantation, also increase the risk of pyomyositis (18,28,29,33) . Although any skeletal muscle may be involved, the quadriceps, gluteal, and iliopsoas musculature are most commonly affected (20,27,28,32,33) .…”

Section: Myositismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3) appears as a more well-marginated, focal fluid collection of mixed echogenicity depending on contents, with variable septations, and posterior acoustic enhancement. Abscesses are often surrounded by a thickened, hyperechoic wall which is hyperemic with color or power Doppler interrogation (9,20,27,(55)(56)(57) .…”

Section: Abscess/phlegmonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-resolution ultrasound in the evaluation of musculoskeletal infections

Weaver,

Omar,

Epstein

et al. 2023

J Ultrason

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Soft tissue and osseous musculoskeletal infections are common but can be difficult to diagnose clinically. Signs, symptoms, and physical examination findings may be nonspecific, and laboratory values can be in- conclusive. The extent of disease may also be underestimated on physical examination. Soft tissue infections most commonly occur secondary to direct inoculation from broken skin and less frequently due to the seed- ing of the soft tissues from hematogenous spread, while osseous infections are more commonly due to he- matogenous seeding. Infections may also be iatrogenic, following surgery or other procedural interventions. High-resolution ultrasound is an extremely useful imaging modality in the evaluation of musculoskeletal soft tissue and joint infections, and can occasionally be used to evaluate osseous infections as well. Ultrasound can aid in the early diagnosis of musculoskeletal infections, allowing for prompt treatment, decreased risk of complications, and treatment optimization. Ultrasound is sensitive and specific in evaluating soft tissue edema and hyperemia; soft tissue abscesses; joint, bursal and tendon sheath effusions/synovitis; and subperi- osteal abscesses. This article describes the typical high-resolution grayscale as well as color and power Dop- pler ultrasound imaging findings of soft tissue infections including cellulitis, fasciitis, necrotizing deep soft tissue infection, pyomyositis, soft tissue abscess, infectious bursitis, and infectious tenosynovitis. Ultrasound findings of septic arthritis as well as osteomyelitis, such as subperiosteal spread of infection (subperiosteal abscess). are also reviewed. In addition, the use of ultrasound to guide fluid and tissue sampling is discussed.

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Section: Pathophysiology Of Msk Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Myositismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Myositismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Abscess/phlegmonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-resolution ultrasound in the evaluation of musculoskeletal infections

Weaver,

Omar,

Epstein

et al. 2023

J Ultrason

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Lower extremity infections: Essential anatomy and multimodality imaging findings

Matcuk,

Skalski,

Patel

et al. 2024

Skeletal Radiol

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In modern practice, imaging plays an integral role in the diagnosis, evaluation of extent, and treatment planning for lower extremity infections. This review will illustrate the relevant compartment anatomy of the lower extremities and highlight the role of plain radiographs, CT, US, MRI, and nuclear medicine in the diagnostic workup. The imaging features of cellulitis, abscess and phlegmon, necrotizing soft tissue infection, pyomyositis, infectious tenosynovitis, septic arthritis, and osteomyelitis are reviewed. Differentiating features from noninfectious causes of swelling and edema are discussed.

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Musculoskeletal infections in childhood: Recognize early to quickly and properly treat

Trapani

2024

Global Pediatrics

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Pediatric Musculoskeletal Infections

Cited by 5 publications

References 43 publications

High-resolution ultrasound in the evaluation of musculoskeletal infections

High-resolution ultrasound in the evaluation of musculoskeletal infections

Lower extremity infections: Essential anatomy and multimodality imaging findings

Musculoskeletal infections in childhood: Recognize early to quickly and properly treat

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