Pediatric manifestations of Hashimoto’s encephalopathy

The neurological disorder associated with thyroid autoimmunity

“…Dementia, depression, cerebellar symptoms, pyramidal symptoms and extrapyramidal symptoms are typical of the progressive variety of HE. The cognitive decline differs according to the age of patients [2,8,10,18,19,21,22,23,26,27,30,31,33,34,37,38,39,44,45,49,55,57,60,61,66,68,70,72,73,77,84,88]: children are described as badly performing at school, showing learning difficulties or poor concentration [49,84,88], whereas adult patients can suffer a memory impairment as well as progressive aphasia or apraxia. In one case, the severity of symptoms was such that the patient was given a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease [33].…”

“…A controversial issue which has obvious pathogenetic implications is whether the titre of antibodies correlates with the stage of the disease. Some studies described the reduction or the normalization of autoantibodies after the remittance of symptoms, either spontaneously or induced by therapy [9,13,18,22,35,57,61,62,72,74,79,88]. In other cases, there were opposite results [13,29,30,31,45,65,69].…”

Steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with Hashimoto thyroiditis

“…Intravenous high-dose corticosteroid treatment is effective, but sequelae are more common in children than in adults and most commonly include neuropsychological difficulties, seizures and behaviour problems [4][5][6]. Nonresponse does not exclude Hashimoto enchephalopathy [7].…”

Autoimmune Diseases Associated with Epilepsy

“…[116] HE'de nöbetler %66 oranında görülmektedir. [117][118][119] Nöbet tipleri ya jeneralize tonik-klonik veya kompleks parsiyel olabilir ama basit parsiyel, absans ve miyoklonik nöbetler de ortaya çıkabilir. Konvülzif veya non-konvulzif status epileptikus (SE) da nadir olarak izlenmektedir.…”