Pediatric Ischemic Stroke: Acute Management and Areas of Research

Child Neurology: Childhood basilar artery occlusion and stroke

“…3 Arteriopathies (including structural anomalies and cerebral arteriopathies), vascular diseases (including vasculitides), cardiac diseases (congenital or acquired), hematologic disorders (sickle cell disease along with coagulopathies), trauma, genetic syndromes, and metabolic disorders are common risk factors for PAIS. 7 Migraines with aura, the use of estrogen-containing oral contraceptives, and pregnancy are among the acquired predisposing factors. 3 Young patients with cryptogenic vertebrobasilar strokes and proteinuria should be investigated further for Fabry disease.…”

Traumatic Vertebral Artery Dissection and Basilar Artery Occlusion/Stroke in a 7-Year-Old Child: A Case Report

“…4 Arterial diseases (i.e., cardiac congenital or acquired), arteriopathies (e.g., structural anomalies), vascular diseases (e.g., vasculitides), traumatic events, genetic syndromes, metabolic disorders, and hematologic disorders (e.g., sickle cell, hypercoagulability) are common risk factors for PAIS. 5 Children who have experienced head and neck trauma are at an increased risk of developing arterial ischemic event subsequent to dissection of the carotid or vertebral arteries. Hyperextension or rotational injuries sustained during minor head trauma, motor vehicle accidents, strenuous sports-related activities can all result in arterial strokes.…”

Pathophysiology and Neuroprotection of Global and Focal Perinatal Brain Injury: Lessons From Animal Models

“…This hypothesis is supported by the selective ablation of nNOS-expressing neurons with AMPA agonists before hypoxia-ischemia; a manipulation resulting in reduced injury from HI insult 53 . The susceptibility to injury of the immature brain was assumed to be lower in the perinatal period as compared to childhood 54,55 . This concept was recently challenged by clinical studies showing marked motor disabilities after stroke in neonates 54,56 , with the severity of motor and sensory deficits similar in both perinatal and childhood ischemic stroke.…”