Pediatric inflammatory demyelinating disorders and mimickers: How to differentiate with MRI?

Pereira, Fernanda Veloso; Jarry, Vinícius de Menezes; Castro, José Thiago Souza; Appenzeller, Simone; Reis, Fabiano

doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102801

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 64 publications

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“…The pattern described in our patients, demonstrating the involvement of the temporal lobes (and in 1 case, the insula) is very similar to those described in herpes virus type 1 encephalitis and in autoimmune encephalitis, which should be ruled out with appropriate laboratory investigations. Also, limbic encephalitis can present with similar clinical picture and MRI findings of hyperintensities on FLAIR and T2WI in the medial temporal lobes [11]. Herpes simplex encephalitis is indicated by cortical and subcortical temporal lobe hyperintensity on T2 and FLAIR weighted images, which is unilateral before developing into an asymmetric bilateral type [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encephalitis as a Clinical Manifestation of COVID-19: A Case Series

Sharif¹,

Khaleeque²,

Khan³

et al. 2023

Case Rep Neurol

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COVID-19 is a novel virus which causes a variety of clinical manifestations in the body some of which are still yet to be discovered. The main aim of our study is to highlight the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 as it is still new to the medical world and to emphasize the fact that the physicians have to be vary of the possibility that patients affected with COVID-19 can present with encephalitis. Only a few studies are available so far regarding the neurological manifestations of this novel virus which highlights the need of this study. We present a case series of four patients who were found to have COVID-19 encephalitis. There is still no disease defining test for diagnosis so the mainstay of diagnosis is exclusion of all the common causes of encephalitis. Brain MRI and CSF analysis performs an ancillary in the diagnostic tools. Our study also supports the use of IV Tocilizumab (4-8 mg/kg) and IV methylprednisolone (0.5-2 mg/kg) as possible treatment options with good results as the patients described in our case series responded well to these medications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%