Pediatric HIV–HBV Coinfection in Lusaka, Zambia: Prevalence and Short-Term Treatment Outcomes: Table 1.

Peebles, Kathryn; Nchimba, Lweendo; Chilengi, Roma; Bolton‐Moore, Carolyn; Mubiana‐Mbewe, Mwangelwa; Vinikoor, Michael J.

doi:10.1093/tropej/fmv058

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(18 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This was in accordance with the prevalence of 1.2% which was reported by Telatela et al in 2007 in Tanzania and a prevalence of 2.0% reported by Abera et al in 2014 in Ethiopia [5,8]. However, the prevalence in these 3 studies was significantly lower than the respective seroprevalences in Nigeria, Ivory Coast, Zambia, India and China [9][10][11][12][13] (Table 3). Muro et al at KCMC found a prevalence of 7.0% among HIV infected children [6].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of HBV Co-infection Among HIV Infected Children Enrolled into Care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Tanzania

Mende¹

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sub-Saharan Africa remains the region most affected with HIV. The wide use of highly active anti-retroviral therapy has led to improvement in life expectancy among HIV infected individuals. However, hepatitis B virus related complications like liver cirrhosis and liver failure are now becoming common causes of morbidity and mortality in this group. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of HBV/HIV co-infection among HIV infected children enrolled into care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC). This cross sectional analytical study was conducted among 323 HIV infected children at KCMC between February 2013 and May 2013. Investigations included interviews, physical examination and HBsAg analysis. HIV serostatus and CD4 counts/percentages were obtained from patients records. In addition, information on hepatitis vaccine status was recorded. Among 323 HIV-infected children enrolled, 177 (54.8%) were males. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus and HIV co-infection was found to be 1.2% (n=4). Hepatitis B virus co-infection was not significantly associated with any of the sociodemographic or behaviour risk factors which were assessed. CD4 counts were significantly associated with hepatitis B virus status whereby children with CD4 counts less than 350 cells/mm3 were 14 times more likely to have hepatitis B virus co-infection as compared to those who had CD4 counts greater than 350 cells/mm3. All of the hepatitis B virus co-infected children had no records of hepatitis B virus immunization, though one was born during the period of universal infant's hepatitis B vaccination (<4 years old). The frequency of hepatitis B virus co-infection with HIV infection was low among HIV infected children in our set up. It is important to strengthen the implementation of the universal infant's hepatitis B virus vaccination. The screening of HIV infected children for hepatitis B virus co-infection is still important whenever possible with immunization of all HIV infected children and adolescents with negative HBsAg.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Other studies reported also low CD4 counts in HBV/HIV co-infected individuals [16][17][18]. The study conducted in Nigeria reported lower CD4 count among HBV-HIV co-infected children compared to those who had HIV infection only [18], as was found by Peebles et al in Zambia [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of HBV Co-infection Among HIV Infected Children Enrolled into Care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Tanzania

Mende¹

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Prevalence was lower (~2%) among samples in India, Malawi, Poland, Spain and the United States, among HIV‐positive paediatric patients. Prevalence was higher in Benin (9.6%), Rwanda (6.8%), Tanzania (7%) and Zambia (10.4%) among children <16 years recruited through HIV clinics . HIV‐exposure categories were not consistently reported.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…A high prevalence (32.6%) was also found in Thailand among young people perinatally infected with HIV (mean age 14 years). 49 48,[55][56][57] HIV-exposure categories were not consistently reported.…”

Section: Children and Young Peoplementioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and burden of HBV co‐infection among people living with HIV: A global systematic review and meta‐analysis

Platt

French

McGowan

et al. 2019

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Globally, in 2017 35 million people were living with HIV (PLHIV) and 257 million had chronic HBV infection (HBsAg positive). The extent of HIV‐HBsAg co‐infection is unknown. We undertook a systematic review to estimate the global burden of HBsAg co‐infection in PLHIV. We searched MEDLINE, Embase and other databases for published studies (2002‐2018) measuring prevalence of HBsAg among PLHIV. The review was registered with PROSPERO (#CRD42019123388). Populations were categorized by HIV‐exposure category. The global burden of co‐infection was estimated by applying regional co‐infection prevalence estimates to UNAIDS estimates of PLHIV. We conducted a meta‐analysis to estimate the odds of HBsAg among PLHIV compared to HIV‐negative individuals. We identified 506 estimates (475 studies) of HIV‐HBsAg co‐infection prevalence from 80/195 (41.0%) countries. Globally, the prevalence of HIV‐HBsAg co‐infection is 7.6% (IQR 5.6%‐12.1%) in PLHIV, or 2.7 million HIV‐HBsAg co‐infections (IQR 2.0‐4.2). The greatest burden (69% of cases; 1.9 million) is in sub‐Saharan Africa. Globally, there was little difference in prevalence of HIV‐HBsAg co‐infection by population group (approximately 6%‐7%), but it was slightly higher among people who inject drugs (11.8% IQR 6.0%‐16.9%). Odds of HBsAg infection were 1.4 times higher among PLHIV compared to HIV‐negative individuals. There is therefore, a high global burden of HIV‐HBsAg co‐infection, especially in sub‐Saharan Africa. Key prevention strategies include infant HBV vaccination, including a timely birth‐dose. Findings also highlight the importance of targeting PLHIV, especially high‐risk groups for testing, catch‐up HBV vaccination and other preventative interventions. The global scale‐up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for PLHIV using a tenofovir‐based ART regimen provides an opportunity to simultaneously treat those with HBV co‐infection, and in pregnant women to also reduce mother‐to‐child transmission of HBV alongside HIV.

show abstract

“…While the profile of disease in HIV-co-infected patients in Africa has been the subject of considerable interest, 14 – 16 including children, 17 paradoxically, fewer studies have been published about Africans with monoinfection. There are data to suggest that HBV acquisition in Zambia occurs horizontally in early childhood, rather than vertically, 18 in common with other data from southern Africa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stage of disease in hepatitis B virus infection in Zambian adults is associated with large cell change but not well defined using classic biomarkers

Nsokolo

Kanunga

Sinkala

et al. 2017

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundHepatocellular malignancy in young adults is a prominent feature of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in southern Africa. Here we report a cross-sectional study of liver pathology correlated with biomarkers in adults with HBV infection in Zambia.MethodsWe analysed liver biopsies from Zambian patients with persistent HBV infection.ResultsWe analysed 104 patients with HBV infection and evidence of liver disease. We obtained liver biopsies from 53 adults; of these, 12 (23%) were hepatitis B e antigen seropositive. The genotype was evenly distributed between A and E. One biopsy showed malignancy. Stage was 3 or more in 11 of 52 (21%) biopsies free of malignancy and lobular inflammation was found in 50 (94%). Neither alanine aminotransferase (ALT) nor the γ-glutamyl transferase:platelet ratio (GPR) were correlated with the stage of disease but were correlated with total Ishak score (ρ=0.47, p=0.0004 and ρ=0.33, p=0.02, respectively). Large cell change was observed in 10 of 11 biopsies with fibrosis stage 3 or more and 16 of 41 with early disease (p=0.005). Serum α-fetoprotein was elevated, although still within the normal range, in patients with large cell change (median 3.6 [interquartile range {IQR} 1.6–5.1]) compared with those without (1.7 [IQR 1.0–2.8]; p=0.03). Neither ALT nor GPR predicted large cell change.ConclusionsLarge cell change was common in young HBV-infected adults in Zambia. Only serum α-fetoprotein was identified as a biomarker of this phenotype.

show abstract

Pediatric HIV–HBV Coinfection in Lusaka, Zambia: Prevalence and Short-Term Treatment Outcomes: Table 1.

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of HBV Co-infection Among HIV Infected Children Enrolled into Care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Tanzania

Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of HBV Co-infection Among HIV Infected Children Enrolled into Care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Tanzania

Prevalence and burden of HBV co‐infection among people living with HIV: A global systematic review and meta‐analysis

Stage of disease in hepatitis B virus infection in Zambian adults is associated with large cell change but not well defined using classic biomarkers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About