Pediatric Encephalopathy and Complex Febrile Seizures

Yaworski, Amanda; Alobaidi, Rashid; Liu, Natarie; Mailo, Janette; Kassiri, J

doi:10.1177/00099228221084422

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…AESD has been almost exclusively reported in the Japanese literature, comprising 34% of the acute encephalopathies seen and most commonly associated with HHV‐8 and influenza A viruses 2 . However, AESD has also been described in Europe, Australia, and North America 3–6 . Patients are usually previously well and present with altered level of consciousness and variable focal neurological signs usually coming from symmetrical lesions in the frontal‐temporal region; 34% recover completely, while 61% experience mild to moderate persistent deficits 1,2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 However, AESD has also been described in Europe, Australia, and North America. [3][4][5][6] Patients are usually previously well and present with altered level of consciousness and variable focal neurological signs usually coming from symmetrical lesions in the frontal-temporal region; 34% recover completely, while 61% experience mild to moderate persistent deficits. 1,2 The condition is fatal in less than 2% of cases.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion with concurrent transverse myelitis

Austin‐Keiller,

Saint‐Martin,

Myers

2024

Epileptic Disorders

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We describe a patient with acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD) with unique features, including concurrent transverse myelitis. A 2‐year‐old previously healthy girl had clinical findings consistent with AESD, occurring in association with influenza A infection. The posterior brain regions were most severely affected, resulting in cortical blindness. She also developed bilateral limb weakness, and spine MRI revealed transverse myelitis in the cervical region. She was treated acutely with intravenous methylprednisolone. Serum anti‐myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and anti‐aquaporin‐4 antibodies were negative, as was an anti‐extractable nuclear antigen panel. Although her clinical presentation was severe, she improved dramatically over the following months, and 6 months following initial presentation, her parents felt she had returned to baseline. This is the first report of AESD occurring in combination with transverse myelitis. The co‐occurrence of the two conditions is unlikely to be coincidental, suggesting that there may be a shared or overlapping immunological pathway involved. The patient's recovery was impressive, which could partially relate to the acute treatment with corticosteroids.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion with concurrent transverse myelitis

Austin‐Keiller,

Saint‐Martin,

Myers

2024

Epileptic Disorders

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“…Seizures are common in many people, and they are frequently febrile and last for an extended period (febrile status epilepticus). Febrile status convulsions, status febrile seizures, and status febrile epilepticus associated with fever are triggers for the increasingly reported AESD [ 9 ], which is one of the common types of acute encephalopathy. However, there is little evidence for identifying and treating acute encephalopathy, despite the relatively high rate of morbidity and mortality linked with the condition [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Hypothermia Therapy and Targeted Temperature Management for Acute Encephalopathy in Children: Status and Prospects

Imataka

Fujita

Kikuchi

et al. 2023

JCM

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In adult intensive care, brain hypothermia therapy (BHT) was reported to be effective in neuroprotection after resuscitation and cardiac arrest. By contrast, in neonatal intensive care, the pathophysiology of brain damage caused by hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is attributed to circulatory disturbances resulting from ischemia/reperfusion, for which neonatal brain cryotherapy is used. The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation, 2010, recommends cerebral cryotherapy for HIE associated with severe neonatal pseudoparenchyma death. The usefulness of BHT for neuroprotection in infants and children, especially in pediatric acute encephalopathy, is expected. Theoretically, BHT could be useful in basic medical science and animal experiments. However, there are limitations in clinical planning for treating pediatric acute encephalopathy. No international collaborative study has been conducted, and no clinical evidence exists for neuroprotection using BHT. In this review, we will discuss the pathogenesis of neuronal damage in hypoxic and hypoperfused brains; the history of BHT, its effects, and mechanisms of action; the success of BHT; cooling and monitoring methods of BHT; adverse reactions to BHT; literature on BHT. We will review the latest literature on targeted temperature management, which is used for maintaining and controlling body temperature in adults in intensive care. Finally, we will discuss the development of BHT and targeted temperature management as treatments for pediatric acute encephalopathy.

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Pediatric Encephalopathy and Complex Febrile Seizures

Cited by 2 publications

References 14 publications

Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion with concurrent transverse myelitis

Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion with concurrent transverse myelitis

Brain Hypothermia Therapy and Targeted Temperature Management for Acute Encephalopathy in Children: Status and Prospects

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