Pediatric elbow fractures: a new angle on an old topic

Emery, Kathleen H.; Zingula, Shannon N.; Anton, Christopher; Salisbury, Shelia; Tamai, Junichi

doi:10.1007/s00247-015-3439-0

Cited by 60 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…From the distribution according to sex in previous study from Esen and Sapmaz and Anjum et al, male patients sustained more elbow fractures compared than female patients [5], [6]. This is in line with the result of our study in which the male patients dominantly suffered elbow fractures than the female patients while a retrospective study about pediatric elbow fractures conducted by Emery et al showed no differences in the demographic pattern of sex [7].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Elbow Fracture in Children at Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Nine Years Experiences

Sananta

Sintong

Prasetio

et al. 2019

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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AIM: The frequency, incidence, and types of fracture of the elbow are different between children and adult. The epidemiology of elbow fracture in children has been the subject of a limited number of studies. This study aims to observe the pattern of elbow fractures in children 18 years of age and younger, during a nine years period. METHODS: This is a retrospective study about elbow fracture cases in children 18 years old and younger treated in Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang in the period of June 2009 until December 2018. The data obtained from the medical record include the age at the time of accidents, fracture site, type of lesion and ipsilateral injuries, time of accidents, and the mechanism of injury. RESULTS: There is a total of 99 elbow fracture, and there are 62 male (63%) and 37 female patients (37%). The mean age for the entire group is 7.3 years (8.1 years for male and 7.1 years for female). Most cases are supracondylar fracture (n=77, 78%). The supracondylar fracture is composed of 17 fracture classified to type II, and 60 fracture to type III as classified by Gartland. The most common etiology of fracture is associated with sports, recreational activities, and fall from height of less than two meters. Nerve injury involving the median, radial, and ulnar nerve is seen in eight patients with type III supracondylar fracture. Associated brachial artery injury is seen in four patients with type III supracondylar fractures. 78 patients (79%) were treated surgically and 21 patients (21%) were treated conservatively. CONCLUSION: The incidence of elbow fracture in children treated in Saiful Anwar General Hospital during a nine years period is 99 patients, with supracondylar fracture Gartland type III being the leading type of this group. Male patients are more common than female patients. Nerve injury was seen in 13.33% of cases and brachial artery injury was seen 6.67% with type III supracondylar fracture. Most of the elbow fracture in our institution were treated operatively.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Elbow Fracture in Children at Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Nine Years Experiences

Sananta

Sintong

Prasetio

et al. 2019

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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“…1,2 Diagnostic radiology is an essential component of proper evaluation, however, interpretation of pediatric elbow radiographs is complicated by the cartilaginous components of the elbow that are radiolucent. 3 Assessment of these radiographs depends on evaluating the anatomic relationships of the ossification centers of the elbow, including the position of the radial head relative to the capitellum, anterior humeral line relative to the capitellum, and Baumann’s angle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 The most common fractures are supracondylar humerus fractures, radial neck fractures, lateral condyle fractures, and medial epicondyle fractures. 1 Interpretation of pediatric elbow radiographs is complicated by the cartilaginous nature of the immature elbow. 3 It is critical to identify subtle fractures and dislocations because missed injuries can be associated with deformity, pain and neurologic complications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiographic evaluation of common pediatric elbow injuries

DeFroda¹,

Hansen²,

Gil³

et al. 2017

Orthop Rev (Pavia)

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Normal variations in anatomy in the skeletally immature patient may be mistaken for fracture or injury due to the presence of secondary centers of ossification. Variations in imaging exist from patient to patient based on sex, age, and may even vary from one extremity to the other on the same patient. Despite differences in the appearance of the bony anatomy of the elbow there are certain landmarks and relationships, which can help, distinguish normal from abnormal. We review common radiographic parameters and pitfalls associated in the evaluation of pediatric elbow imaging. We also review common clinical diagnoses in this population.

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“…Fractures of the lateral condyle are the second most frequent elbow fracture in children after supracondylar fracture, comprising 10-20% of all paediatric elbow fractures. 1,2 Despite this, the injury remains relatively rare, with a reported incidence of 1.6/10,000. 3,4 The mechanism of injury is either through an avulsion of the condyle due to a varus force on a supinated forearm or through radial head impaction on the capitellum following a fall onto an outstretched hand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Functional Outcomes Following Surgical Fixation of Paediatric Lateral Condyle Fractures of the Elbow – A Systematic Review</p>

Birkett

Al-Tawil

Montgomery

2020

ORR

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Objective: Lateral humeral condyle fractures are the second most common elbow fractures in children. Both K-wire fixation and screw fixation have been advocated as suitable treatment options for displaced fractures. This study aimed to identify which fixation method was associated with the best functional outcomes. Methods: A systematic review was conducted. Studies reporting functional outcomes following surgical fixation of lateral condyle fractures were included for review. The primary outcome measure was functional outcome. The secondary outcome measure was major complications. A narrative analysis was undertaken, as meta-analysis was felt to be inappropriate due to the differences between included studies. Results: Ten retrospective non-randomised, comparative studies were eligible and included. No randomised-controlled trials were identified. The highest rate of excellent functional outcomes was seen with screw fixation (120/126 [95%]), compared with K-wire fixation (135/162 [86%]). The incidence of major complications was comparable, with complications in 6/95 (6%) of screw fixations and 6/141 (4%) K-wire fixations. A small sample of data on closed reduction demonstrated excellent functional results in 73 of 76 (96%) of patients. Closed reduction of displaced fractures is associated with a significant learning curve however. Conclusion: The evidence was of poor quality and comprised of retrospective case series. This prevented meta-analysis and any firm conclusions being drawn from the available data. Screw fixation may be associated with improved functional outcomes. Complication rates between the two methods are comparable. Further prospective studies are recommended.

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Pediatric elbow fractures: a new angle on an old topic

Cited by 60 publications

References 13 publications

Elbow Fracture in Children at Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Nine Years Experiences

Elbow Fracture in Children at Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Nine Years Experiences

Radiographic evaluation of common pediatric elbow injuries

<p>Functional Outcomes Following Surgical Fixation of Paediatric Lateral Condyle Fractures of the Elbow – A Systematic Review</p>

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