Pediatric Elbow: Development, Common Pathologies, and Imaging Considerations

Tomsan, Hanna; Grady, Matthew F.; Ganley, Theodore J.; Nguyen, Jie C.

doi:10.1053/j.ro.2021.05.007

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 131 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although uncommon, complete avulsions can become entrapped within the elbow joint and should not be mistaken for an early trochlear ossification center. 53,54 No consensus guideline currently exists on which medial epicondyle fractures require or benefit most from surgical intervention. Absolute indications include open fractures and incarcerated fragments; some authors also advocate surgical interventions for patients with ulnar nerve dysfunction or valgus instability (►Fig.…”

Section: Acute Fracturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an 18-year-old boy (right image), the elbow is skeletally mature following the closure of the primary physis underlying the medial epicondyle, the last of the regional physes to close, at $ 14 years of age in girls and at 17 years in boys. 54 Fig. 10 Medial epicondyle acute avulsion superimposed on repetitive overuse.…”

Section: Acute Fracturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 The capitellar ossification center is the first of the six ossification centers of the elbow joint to appear, visible between the first and second years of life. 54 The newly formed ossification is initially spherical, but with progressive growth, its proximal margin flattens to conform to the distal end of the humerus. During adolescence, the capitellar ossification coalesce with the trochlear ossification medially and with the lateral epicondyle ossification laterally, before the closure of its underlying epiphyseal physis, allowing its fusion with the distal humeral metaphysis.…”

Section: Injury Involving Secondary Growth Platesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…53 These attachments provide stability to the medial elbow joint, particularly against valgus stress. The medial epicondyle ossification center appears at ∼ 5 to 7 years of age, and its primary physis is the last of the regional physes to close, at ∼ 14 years in girls and at 17 years in boys 54 ( Fig. 9 ).…”

Section: Injury Involving Apophyseal Primary Growth Platesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although uncommon, complete avulsions can become entrapped within the elbow joint and should not be mistaken for an early trochlear ossification center. 53 54…”

Section: Injury Involving Apophyseal Primary Growth Platesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Return to Play in Youth Athletes: Role of the Radiologist with Focus on the Upper Extremity

Patel,

Nguyen,

Brown

et al. 2024

Semin Musculoskelet Radiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Increase in youth sports participation, longer duration of play, and earlier starting points have increased the prevalence of acute and repetitive overuse musculoskeletal injuries. This rise in injury rates has led to increased efforts to better understand the susceptible sites of injury that are unique to the growing immature skeleton. Upper extremity injuries are currently the best studied, particularly those that occur among pediatric baseball players and gymnasts. The weak link in skeletally immature athletes is the growth plate complex that includes those injuries located at the epiphyseal and apophyseal primary physes and the peripherally located secondary physes. This article reviews the anatomy and function of these growth plate complexes, followed by a discussion of the pathophysiologic mechanisms, spectrum of imaging findings, and existing evidence-based guidelines for injury prevention and return to play.

show abstract

Section: Acute Fracturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acute Fracturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Injury Involving Secondary Growth Platesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Injury Involving Apophyseal Primary Growth Platesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although uncommon, complete avulsions can become entrapped within the elbow joint and should not be mistaken for an early trochlear ossification center. 53 54…”

Section: Injury Involving Apophyseal Primary Growth Platesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations