Pediatric contact dermatitis

Abstract

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in children, until recently, was considered rare. ACD was considered as a disorder of the adult population and children were thought to be spared due to a lack of exposure to potential allergens and an immature immune system. Prevalence of ACD to even the most common allergens in children, like poison ivy and parthenium, is relatively rare as compared to adults. However, there is now growing evidence of contact sensitization of the pediatric population, and it begins right from early childhood, including 1-week-old neonates. Vaccinations, piercing, topical medicaments and cosmetics in younger patients are potential exposures for sensitization. Nickel is the most common sensitizer in almost all studies pertaining to pediatric contact dermatitis. Other common allergens reported are cobalt, fragrance mix, rubber, lanolin, thiomersol, neomycin, gold, mercapto mix, balsum of Peru and colophony. Different factors like age, sex, atopy, social and cultural practices, habit of parents and caregivers and geographic changes affect the patterns of ACD and their variable clinical presentation. Patch testing should be considered not only in children with lesions of a morphology suggestive of ACD, but in any child with dermatitis that is difficult to control.

The genus Cordia: botanists, ethno, chemical and pharmacological aspects

“…The antiinflammatory activity of the extract of C. dichotoma seeds was evaluated in a study carried out by Sharma and Asati (2010), where Wistar rats weighing 160-180 g of both sexes were exposed to an inflammatory process (footpad edema) with the administration of carrageenan. One hour after the injection of this substance, the ethanolic and aqueous extracts were administered at different concentrations for each test group.…”

Patch Testing in Suspected Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Cosmetics

“…In India, a study on pediatric contact dermatitis revealed that children could be sensitive to some of the cosmetic antigens and the sensitization may happen due to early age of cosmetic use [16]. Citrus being a very commonly used substance in fragrance industries should be tested for in all those who have a positive reaction to fragrance mix [17].…”

Exploring Phytochemicals and Pharmacological Uses of Cordia Dichotoma (Indian Cherry): A Review

“…The C. dichotoma seeds showed good anti-inflammatory activity in Wistar rats as assayed by Sharma et al At a dose of 500 mg/kg, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts showed maximal inhibition of edema (69.52% and 58.09%, respectively) in relation to the control group, reveals the efficacy of the extract of C. dichotoma as an anti-inflammatory agent, which explains the wide use of this plant as an anti-edema agent in popular medicine 35 .…”