Pediatric Body MR Angiography: Principles, Techniques, and Current Status in Body Imaging

Chavhan, Govind; Babyn, Paul; John, Philip; Yoo, Shi Joon; Rigsby, Cynthia K.

doi:10.2214/ajr.14.13795

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…There are many ways to achieve contrast in a MR image without giving an exogenous contrast agent. ,− Chemical shift difference can provide contrast between mobile lipids and water. The density of water protons in tissue also provides contrast (low in lung and bone, higher in soft tissue and fluids).…”

Section: Background and Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry of MRI Contrast Agents: Current Challenges and New Frontiers

et al. 2018

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Tens of millions of contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exams are performed annually around the world. The contrast agents, which improve diagnostic accuracy, are almost exclusively small, hydrophilic gadolinium(III) based chelates. In recent years concerns have arisen surrounding the long term safety of these compounds, and this has spurred research into alternatives. There has also been a push to develop new molecularly targeted contrast agents or agents that can sense pathological changes in the local environment. This comprehensive review describes the state of the art of clinically approved contrast agents, their mechanism of action, and factors influencing their safety. From there we describe different mechanisms of generating MR image contrast such as relaxation, chemical exchange saturation transfer, and direct detection and the types of molecules that are effective for these purposes. Next we describe efforts to make safer contrast agents either by increasing relaxivity, increasing resistance to metal ion release, or by moving to gadolinium(III)-free alternatives. Finally we survey approaches to make contrast agents more specific for pathology either by direct biochemical targeting or by the design of responsive or activatable contrast agents.

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Section: Background and Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry of MRI Contrast Agents: Current Challenges and New Frontiers

et al. 2018

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“…With 3 T MR machines currently being more widely available, these may replace 1.5 T MR machines to acquire more signal whilst achieving shorter acquisition times. 17 In addition, an important recent innovation in MRA technique is time-resolved MRA based on keyhole imaging using radial sampling schemes (eg, time-resolved imaging with stochastic trajectories, TWIST, Siemens Healthcare). This technique, which allows for a contrast-enhanced MRA to be performed in 1-5 s, has recently been shown to perform equally to CTA in adults for the assessment of hepatic artery anatomy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Long acquisition times may also result in poorly executed breath holds (lasting up to 20 seconds), and less accurate contrast phases (ie, not only the arteries but also the veins can contain gadolinium). With 3 T MR machines currently being more widely available, these may replace 1.5 T MR machines to acquire more signal whilst achieving shorter acquisition times 17 . In addition, an important recent innovation in MRA technique is time‐resolved MRA based on keyhole imaging using radial sampling schemes (eg, time‐resolved imaging with stochastic trajectories, TWIST, Siemens Healthcare).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of hepatic artery anatomy in pediatric liver transplant recipients: MR angiography versus CT angiography

Verhagen

Dikkers

Kleine

et al. 2021

Pediatric Transplantation

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Currently, the only therapeutic option for children with ESLD is LT.Overall survival of the patient and the liver graft directly depends on several potential complications during and after transplantation.The most threatening complications are arterial and venous thrombosis, anastomotic stenosis, and kinking of vessels. 1 Other important perioperative concerns are extensive hemorrhage, infection, and early rejection. To minimize the perioperative complication risk, a thorough preoperative work-up is necessary.Prior to LT, the anatomy and patency of the hepatic artery, portal vein, liver veins, and inferior caval vein need to be assessed. Of these, the hepatic artery anatomy is the most challenging to image.Hepatic artery variants, such as accessory vessels or replacement of the artery where the hepatic artery origin is not the coeliac trunk, have been reported to occur in up to 45% of patients. 2,3 By identifying vascular variants and vessel caliber, the hepatobiliary surgeon is able to select the largest caliber artery for anastomosis, decide on suitability for a match with a living donor graft, and plan required microvascular reconstructions. 4

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“…MR-angiografi og CT-angiografi kan også vaere nyttig for evaluering av renovaskulaer hypertensjon (10,11). Førstevalg ved behandling er blodtrykksmedisiner, men blodtrykket er ofte vanskelig å behandle medikamentelt, og derfor er invasiv behandling indisert i enkelte situasjoner.…”

Section: Hovedbudskapunclassified