Pediatric attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): 2022 updates on pharmacological management

O’Connor, Lisa; Carbone, Stephanie; Gobbo, Anthony; Gamble, Hilary; Faraone, Stephen V

doi:10.1080/17512433.2023.2249414

Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology

2023

DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2023.2249414

|View full text |Cite|

Pediatric attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): 2022 updates on pharmacological management

Lisa O’Connor,

Stephanie Carbone,

Anthony Gobbo

et al.

Help me understand this report

Search citation statements

Order By: Relevance

Paper Sections

Select...

Citation Types

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Year Published

2024

Publication Types

Select...

Article3

Relationship

Self Cite0

Independent3

Authors

Journals

Cited by 3 publications

References 103 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

Alternative routine for reporting chiral amphetamine test results in assessment of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder medication: experiences from 2013 to 2023

Helander,

Andersson,

Villén

2024

Drug Testing and Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study evaluated an alternative routine for reporting urinary chiral amphetamine results in assessment of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treatment with amphetamine medications and for detecting side‐use of illicit racemic amphetamine. Currently in Sweden, only enantiopure d‐amphetamine‐based ADHD medications (lisdexamphetamine dimesylate and dexamphetamine sulfate) are approved. It is therefore unsuitable to express the chiral result as the l/d‐ratio, as before, because l‐amphetamine should not be present provided treatment compliance. A new routine for LC‐MS/MS chiral amphetamine testing was therefore introduced in 2020, whereby the relative proportion (%) of l‐amphetamine and the total amphetamine and creatinine concentrations are reported. Evaluation of the new routine on 24,354 results from 2013 to 2023 revealed that it was useful to distinguish ADHD medication adherence from illicit drug use as the source for a positive test. The l‐amphetamine proportion also reflected the enantiomeric content of the medications used. Overall, most results confirmed adherence to ADHD medication, as the l‐amphetamine percentage was <1% in 76% of samples (2023) which is the recommended cutoff with enantiopure d‐amphetamine medications. However, in all years, illicit drug use was indicated (>40% l‐amphetamine) in 8.3%–14.5% of cases. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the clinical value and utility of a new routine for reporting urinary chiral amphetamine results to differentiate adherence to ADHD medication from illicit drug use. Unlike the l/d‐amphetamine ratio, it considers differences in total amphetamine concentration and urine dilution, factors that can affect the interpretation.

show abstract

Alternative routine for reporting chiral amphetamine test results in assessment of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder medication: experiences from 2013 to 2023

Helander,

Andersson,

Villén

2024

Drug Testing and Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Faraone,

Bellgrove,

Brikell

et al. 2024

Nat Rev Dis Primers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Add-On Bifidobacterium Bifidum Supplement in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A 12-Week Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Wang,

Tsai,

Chou

et al. 2024

Nutrients

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We conducted a 12-week randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial to investigate the potential impact of Bifidobacterium bifidum (Bf-688) supplementation on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Children with ADHD who were already receiving a stable dose of methylphenidate (MPH) treatment were enrolled and were randomly assigned to two groups: one receiving add-on Bf-688 (daily bacterial count of 5 × 109 CFUs) (n = 51) and the other receiving a placebo (n = 51). All participants underwent assessments using Conners’ Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and Conners’ Continuous Auditory Test of Attention (CATA). Additionally, fecal samples were collected at the beginning of the trial (week 0) and at the endpoint (week 12). Remarkably, the group receiving Bf-688 supplementation, but not the placebo group, exhibited significant improvements in omission errors in CPT as well as Hit reaction time in both CPT and CATA. Gut microbiome analysis revealed a significant increase in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B ratio) only in the Bf-688 group. Furthermore, we identified significant negative correlations between N-Glycan biosynthesis and Hit reaction time in both CPT and CATA. Our results demonstrate that the probiotic Bf-688 supplement can enhance neuropsychological performance in children with ADHD, possibly by altering the composition of the gut microbiota, ultimately leading to reduced N-Glycan biosynthesis.

show abstract

scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.

Contact Info

hi@scite.ai

10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614

Henderson, NV 89052, USA

Blog Terms and Conditions API Terms Privacy Policy Contact Cookie Preferences Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information

Made with 💙 for researchers

Part of the Research Solutions Family.

Pediatric attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): 2022 updates on pharmacological management

Cited by 3 publications

References 103 publications

Alternative routine for reporting chiral amphetamine test results in assessment of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder medication: experiences from 2013 to 2023

Alternative routine for reporting chiral amphetamine test results in assessment of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder medication: experiences from 2013 to 2023

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Add-On Bifidobacterium Bifidum Supplement in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A 12-Week Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About