Pediatric androgenetic alopecia: A review

Minoxidil is a strong arterial vasodilator, first introduced as an antihypertensive medication. In dermatology, topical minoxidil (TMX) has been used for many types of alopecia. TMX is not FDA-approved in patients under 18 years old and there are no guidelines for its pediatric use. Low-dose oral minoxidil (OMX) has been used offlabel for hair loss treatment in adults expecting to achieve better therapeutic compliance and greater clinical efficacy. However, little is known about TMX and OMX in pediatric population. the literature presented on TMX and OMX in children to date was reviewed. The terms "minoxidil", "child", "children", "childhood", and "infant" were used to perform a literature search in MEDLINE through PubMed. The search was limited to articles about humans and available in English. While 25 relevant articles were selected, duplicate titles were excluded. This article pointed out the use of minoxidil in several pediatric hair diseases. Even when used topically, dermatologists should be aware of potential risks of systemic absorption. In particular situations, OMX in very low doses may be considered. To date, there are no guidelines regarding the ideal dose or minimum age for using the drug topically or systemically.

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“…AGA should be considered as a cause of hair loss in children and adolescents under 18 years of age 10 . TMX is widely used for AGA in adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The optimal dose for this goal still needs to be established, and it is probably different between men and women. In women, dose ranges from 0.25 to 1 mg per day in most studies, 6‐27 and in men, it goes from 2.5 to 5 mg per day 28,29 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topical and oral minoxidil for hair disorders in pediatric patients: What do we know so far?

Lemes

Melo

Oliveira

et al. 2020

Dermatologic Therapy

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“…A poster by Trancik et al provided an estimate of AGA prevalence in adolescent boys through a multicenter study involving scalp examinations of randomly selected boys; 70 of 496 boys (14.1%) showed signs of AGA, as determined by a dermatologist. In a single‐center retrospective review of 438 pediatric patients seeking care for hair loss, Gonzalez et al reported 57 patients (13% aged 8‐19 years) were diagnosed with AGA based on clinical examination and family history 10 . Of note, most boys manifest with a female pattern of androgenetic alopecia, consisting of involvement of the central part of the scalp with preservation of the frontal hairline 11,12 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a single-center retrospective review of 438 pediatric patients seeking care for hair loss, Gonzalez et al reported 57 patients (13% aged 8-19 years) were diagnosed with AGA based on clinical examination and family history. 10 Of note, most boys manifest with a female pattern of androgenetic alopecia, consisting of involvement of the central part of the scalp with preservation of the frontal hairline. 11,12 To our knowledge, hair loss has not been documented from treatment of aromatase inhibitors in the pediatric population, although it has been reported with the use of triptorelin, a long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone used to treat idiopathic central precocious puberty.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aromatase inhibitor–induced hair loss in two adolescents

Perper

Herskovitz

Tosti

2020

Pediatric Dermatology

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A 14-year-old boy with a strong paternal history of male pattern hair loss showed no evident hair loss on physical examination on January 28, 2019 (Figure 1A). He began treatment with anastrozole in May 2019 for idiopathic short stature. Ten months after initiation of treatment, on February 3, 2020, he developed trichoscopy-confirmed androgenetic alopecia (AGA) with a female Ludwig II pattern, primarily involving the top of the scalp (Figures 1B and 2). The patient was subsequently treated with topical minoxidil 2% daily.

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“…Studies using topical minoxidil in children are limited and of poor quality, needing prospective studies. 18 While no studies have been performed investigating the dosing schedule of transgender patients, some authors have suggested 5% minoxidil foam twice daily for transmasculine or transfeminine patients with AGA and decreasing application if irritation occurs. 15 There are, however, no recommended guidelines for children, regardless of gender identity.…”

Section: Gender Diverse One Whose Gender Expression Differs From Societal Normsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermatologic considerations for transgender and gender diverse youth

Swink

Castelo‐Soccio

2021

Pediatric Dermatology

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Lesbian, gay, transgender/gender diverse, questioning/queer, intersex, and asexual (LGBTQIA) patients represent an underserved population in medicine. While literature surrounding this group is becoming more prominent, the role dermatologists play in their care is evolving. For example, transgender patients experience unique cutaneous side effects secondary to medications while undergoing transition including testosterone, estrogen, and antiandrogens. 1 Additionally, transgender patients often seek both invasive and noninvasive procedures for gender affirmation. [1][2][3] While dermatologic care for adult transgender patients is more established, studies in the pediatric transgender population are very limited. 1 Understanding the appropriate terminology and definitions of transgender care is also critical (Table 1). Herein, we review dermatologic considerations for transgender patients, highlighting the role pediatric dermatologists can play in their care while emphasizing the need for further studies in pediatric and adolescent transgender populations.

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Pediatric androgenetic alopecia: A review

Cited by 31 publications

References 38 publications

Topical and oral minoxidil for hair disorders in pediatric patients: What do we know so far?

Topical and oral minoxidil for hair disorders in pediatric patients: What do we know so far?

Aromatase inhibitor–induced hair loss in two adolescents

Dermatologic considerations for transgender and gender diverse youth

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