Pedestrians, vehicles, and cell phones

Neider, Mark; McCarley, Jason S.; Crowell, James A.; Kaczmarski, Henry; Kramer, Arthur F.

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2009.10.004

Cited by 193 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Although mobile phones provide great convenience, they cause risks in certain situations [2]. Pedestrian use of mobile phones increases cognitive distraction, decreases the ability to react to sudden changes, and increases disturbing actions causing injury or even death [3][4][5][6]. For example, in a virtual experiment, it was shown that texting while walking increases the chance of being hit by a car or a motorcycle; moreover, texting is a distraction from the surroundings [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of mobile texting and gaming on gait with obstructions under different illumination levels

Cha

Kim

Park

et al. 2015

PTRS

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Objective: This study was conducted to test the effects of mobile texting and gaming on gait with obstructions under different illumination levels. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twelve healthy adults aged 20 to 36 years (mean 23.5 years) were tested under six different conditions. All participants used touchscreen smartphones. Testing conditions included: 1) Walking with an obstruction under a bright illumination level; 2) walking with an obstruction with a low level of illumination; 3) walking with an obstruction while texting under a bright illumination level; 4) walking with an obstruction while texting with a low level of illumination; 5) walking with an obstruction while gaming under a bright illumination level; and 6) walking with an obstruction while gaming with a low level of illumination. All participants were asked to text the Korean national anthem by their own phone and play Temple Run 2 using an iPhone 5. Gait variances were measured over a distance of 3 m, and the mean value after three trials was used. A gait analyzer was used to measure the data. Results: Compared to normal gait with obstruction, gait speed, step length, stride length, step time, stride time, cadence while texting and gaming showed significant differences (p<0.05). Differences between the illumination levels included gait speed, step length, stride length, and step time (p<0.05) with no significant differences in stride time and cadence. Conclusions: Dual-tasking using a smartphone under low levels of illumination lowers the quality of gait with obstructions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of mobile texting and gaming on gait with obstructions under different illumination levels

Cha

Kim

Park

et al. 2015

PTRS

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“…We developed an experimental protocol where individuals were exposed to video playback of an approaching vehicle in a manner similar to that used to investigate human pedestrian responses to cars in roadcrossing scenarios [21]. Specifically, our goal was to examine responses of brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) to virtual vehicles of different sizes (standard and extended) appearing to approach at speeds from 60 to 360 km h 21 . We were particularly interested in whether simulated 'collisions' occurred, and if so, at which vehicle size and speeds such collisions were common.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speed kills: ineffective avian escape responses to oncoming vehicles

et al. 2015

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Animal-vehicle collisions cause high levels of vertebrate mortality worldwide, and what goes wrong when animals fail to escape and ultimately collide with vehicles is not well understood. We investigated alert and escape behaviours of captive brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) in response to virtual vehicle approaches of different sizes and at speeds ranging from 60 to 360 km h 21 . Alert and flight initiation distances remained similar across vehicle speeds, and accordingly, alert and flight initiation times decreased at higher vehicle speeds. Thus, avoidance behaviours in cowbirds appeared to be based on distance rather than time available for escape, particularly at 60-150 km h 21 ; however, at higher speeds (more than or equal to 180 km h 21 ) no trend in response behaviour was discernible. As vehicle speed increased, cowbirds did not have enough time to assess the approaching vehicle, and cowbirds generally did not initiate flight with enough time to avoid collision when vehicle speed exceeded 120 km h 21 . Although potentially effective for evading predators, the decision-making process used by cowbirds in our study appears maladaptive in the context of avoiding fast-moving vehicles. Our methodological approach and findings provide a framework to assess how novel management strategies could affect escape rules, and the sensory and cognitive abilities animals use to avoid vehicle collisions.

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“…Foreign experts have made in-depth studies on pedestrian distraction [1][2][3][4][5][6], at the same time, they have made studies on different groups of people. The main research idea is to select the research object in the way of random sampling, then to further understand the walking habits, gender, age, race and so on of the research object, and carry out training on experiment courses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Effect of Distraction for Pedestrian Crossing

Li¹,

Ming²

2016

Proceedings of the 2016 5th International Conference on Energy and Environmental Protection (ICEEP 2016)

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Abstract. As for the traffic hidden danger generated by pedestrians when they are distracted while crossing the street, this study selects the typical area of the signalized and unsignalized crosswalk collects the data of them by artificial investigation and draws the conclusions. It is concluded that on the two types of crosswalks, people on the signalized crosswalks are more easily distracted. For different age groups of pedestrians, young people are more likely to have distraction behavior than middle aged people and old people. For different behaviors of distraction, the risk of traffic accidents from high to low are generated by using mobile phones to surf the Internet, making phone calls, listening to music, and concentrating on crossing the street. The study provides data support and basis for traffic management department to improve pedestrian safety.

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Pedestrians, vehicles, and cell phones

Cited by 193 publications

References 15 publications

Effects of mobile texting and gaming on gait with obstructions under different illumination levels

Effects of mobile texting and gaming on gait with obstructions under different illumination levels

Speed kills: ineffective avian escape responses to oncoming vehicles

Study on the Effect of Distraction for Pedestrian Crossing

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