Pedestrian safety at traffic signals: A study carried out with the help of a traffic conflicts technique

Gårder, Per

doi:10.1016/0001-4575(89)90004-3

Cited by 113 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…10 The number of annual pedestrian deaths occurring on San Francisco Bay Area roadways . This may be due to 14 improved engineering, education, and enforcement initiatives, but it may also reflect an overall 15 decrease in vehicle miles traveled (VMT), which has been positively correlated to crashes. 16 However, pedestrian fatalities are still overrepresented in comparison to other travel modes.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…They observed each subject as they approached 13 and passed through the intersection. In order to randomize the subject selection process, data 14 collectors observed the next user who approached from the adjacent intersection after the last 15 observation was completed. If two users were traveling together, only one person was observed.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The Pedestrians crossing the roadway while using a mobile device 13 Overall, 8% of the 1,144 pedestrians used mobile devices while crossing, but the proportion 14 ranged from less than 3% to more than 18% at specific study sites. The locations associated with 15 the highest level of pedestrian mobile device use were both relatively urban: Rockridge, where 16 19% of pedestrians were using a mobile phone and Richmond, where 18% were doing so. Fewer …”

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confidence: 99%

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Documenting Targeted Behaviors Associated with Pedestrian Safety

Cooper

Schneider

Ryan³

et al. 2012

Transportation Research Record

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The purpose of this study was to provide an exploratory analysis of the proportion of pedestrians, bicyclists, and drivers exhibiting four specific behaviors at 12 intersections near transit stations in the San Francisco Bay Area of California. Those target behaviors were (a) pedestrians crossing a roadway while using a mobile device, such as a cell phone; (b) pedestrians crossing a signalized intersection against a red light; (c) bicyclists running a red light at a signalized intersection; and (d) automobiles turning right on red without stopping. Those four behaviors are important because they may lead to pedestrian crashes. Overall, 8% of pedestrians used mobile devices while crossing, but the proportion ranged from less than 3% to more than 18% at specific study sites. At some locations, fewer than 3% of nonmotorized road users violated red lights, whereas approximately 70% did at other sites. The percentage of motorists turning right on red without stopping ranged from zero to more than 70%. Female pedestrians were more likely than were males to talk on mobile devices while crossing a street, but males were more likely to violate traffic signals while walking or bicycling. However, these observations did not control for differences in gender and other characteristics at sites. As pedestrian and bicycle mode shares increase, it will be essential for all users to understand their rights and responsibilities in the environment of the roadway. The documentation of behaviors helps provide a foundation for engineering, education, enforcement, and encouragement countermeasures that will improve safety for pedestrians and other roadway users.

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Documenting Targeted Behaviors Associated with Pedestrian Safety

Cooper

Schneider

Ryan³

et al. 2012

Transportation Research Record

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“…Previous research has shown increased noncompliance as a result of the increased delays (Abrams and Smith, 1977;Zegeer et al, 1985;Zaidel and Hocherman, 1987;Gårder, 1989;(Bechtel et al, 2004;Kattan et al, 2009). Hence this strategy should be used judiciously, only in those situations where pedestrian volumes are high and safety is a critical concern.…”

Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Improving Walkability Through Control Strategies at Signalized Intersections

Kothuri¹,

Kading²,

Smaglik³

et al. 2017

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As cities and communities nationwide seek to develop Complete Streets that foster livability and accommodate all modes, signal timing control strategies that include pedestrians in the operational decision process are gaining importance. This research tested several efficiency-focused pedestrian treatments -coordination, actuated-coordination, free operation, short cycle lengths -and safety-focused treatment including leading pedestrian intervals and Barnes Dance. Using a software-in-the-loop simulation, the operational impacts of these treatments on all users (vehicles, heavy vehicles, bicyclists and pedestrians) at an intersection were evaluated. Results showed that among the efficiency-based treatments, free operation was most beneficial for reducing minor-street pedestrian delays. Both safety treatments increased major-street vehicle delays. A new pedestrian priority algorithm is proposed and developed, which is designed to prioritize pedestrian service under certain traffic conditions. The algorithm is designed to analyze field data and change the user-defined operational strategy to match the conditions in the field. The developed algorithm was deployed at three separate locations, two of which used a Raspberry Pi device and one used the onboard logic processor of the ASC/3 controller. Before-and-after data analysis showed that the algorithm was successful in reducing pedestrian delay. While this research provides field-implementable solutions for reducing pedestrian delays, there is no one "right solution". Ultimately, choice of a control strategy may rest on operational objectives and geometric characteristics of an intersection. The findings from this research may benefit cities that are looking to create safe, sustainable streets capable of accommodating multiple modes.

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“…Thereafter, the internationally accepted definition of a traffic conflict became (and remains) "an observable situation in which two or more road users approach each other in space and time to such an extent that there is a risk of collision if their movements remain unchanged" (12). This alternative definition has been adopted in a number of safety studies (13)(14)(15)(16)(17). Sayed and Zein developed predictive models that use linear regression analysis to relate the number…”

Section: Past Work Safety-related Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Safety at Railway Level Crossings with Microsimulation Modeling

Tey

Kim

Ferreira

2012

Transportation Research Record

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Safety at railway level crossings (RLXs) is a worldwide issue that increasingly attracts the attention of relevant transport authorities, the rail industry, and the general public. The differences in the operation characteristics of varying types of warning devices, together with differences in crossing geometry, traffic, or train characteristics, leads to different driver behaviors at crossings. The aim of this study was to use traffic microsimulation modeling based on field video recording data to compare the safety performance of varying conventional RLX warning systems. The widely used microsimulation model VISSIM was modified to produce safety-related performance measures, namely, collision likelihood, delay, and queue length. The results showed that RLXs with an active warning system were safer than those with a passive sign by at least 17%. Integration of surrogate measures in conjunction with traffic simulation models determined which safety approach was more efficient for specified traffic and train volumes.

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Pedestrian safety at traffic signals: A study carried out with the help of a traffic conflicts technique

Cited by 113 publications

References 1 publication

Documenting Targeted Behaviors Associated with Pedestrian Safety

Documenting Targeted Behaviors Associated with Pedestrian Safety

Improving Walkability Through Control Strategies at Signalized Intersections

Evaluating Safety at Railway Level Crossings with Microsimulation Modeling

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