Pedestrian Level of Service Criteria for Urban Off-Street Facilities in Mid-Sized Cities

Sahani, Rima; Bhuyan, Prasanta Kumar

doi:10.3846/16484142.2014.944210

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In India, [50,165] determined six ranges of pedestrian LOS for walkways by using a quantitative technique utilizing average pedestrian space, pedestrian speed, flow rate, Table 4 Pedestrian Level of Service (PLOS) on different types of facilities based on qualitative/questionnaire survey and volume to the capacity ratio as critical parameters. The pedestrian LOS was determined using affinity propagation (AP), self-organizing map (SOM) in ANN and Genetic Algorithm (GA)-Fuzzy clustering techniques based on HCM 2010 methodology.…”

Section: Walkway Facilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ten different factors were used by [162] to estimate the overall pedestrian satisfaction level for sidewalks from different land uses. A quantitative survey technique was used by [50,165,166] where they used space and flow rate in defining LOS using affinity propagation (AP) cluster algorithm technique and HCM method. In a similar study, [166] used the quantitative technique to observe factors which influenced pedestrian movement over sidewalk, wide-sidewalk and precinct; and the difference in LOS was observed for the same space and speed.…”

Section: Sidewalk Facilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pedestrian flow characteristics and level of service on dissimilar facilities: A critical review

2018

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Present paper reviewed the past studies on pedestrian flow characteristics (such as speed, flow, density, space, free-flow speed and jam density) and development of Pedestrian Level of Service (PLOS) for various pedestrian facilities (i.e., sidewalk, walkway, crosswalk, grade separated, stairways and escalators. Fundamental relationships (between speed and density) were observed over different facilities and were found to be significantly different. The fundamental relationships for sidewalk facility predicted the range of free flow speeds to be 65 − 85 m/min and jam densities to be 3.5 − 5.3 ped/m 2 . The minimum and maximum pedestrian speeds over sidewalk facility in different countries observed were 52 m/min and 98 m/min respectively, with a mean speed of 79 m/min. The male pedestrians walked at 4 − 9 m/min higher speed in comparison to their female counterparts; while the older pedestrians walked at 15 − 20 m/min lower speed than the younger ones over the various types of crosswalk facilities. Similarly, speed-density relationships for ascending and descending stairways showed that the difference between the two directions varied between 4 − 12 m/min, and that the speed was significantly higher in case of descending direction. Moreover, the jam densities for stairways were also observed to be lower in case of descending direction, as the pedestrians generally maintain higher gap (than in ascending direction) with other pedestrians in front to avoid pushing and the risk of falling down. The flow characteristics were significantly influenced by the type of facility, width, age, gender and location of the study. Primarily factors such as physique (height), culture (dress), attractions (presence of hawkers located along sidewalks), friction (due to parked vehicles), purpose of walking trip and environmental conditions were the main reasons for pedestrians of countries such as Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Bangladesh, Indonesia and Sri-Lanka to walk significantly slower than the counterparts pedestrians in the USA, UK or Canada. The review conducted on the PLOS mainly looked into the type of survey conducted (qualitative vs. quantitative), LOS parameters and the various software/models used in development of LOS. Researchers from the USA and Japan preferably used both qualitative and quantitative approaches in defining LOS over sidewalks; while in India, China and Malaysia qualitative method was highly preferred. Pedestrian volume, safety, surface, obstruction and width were observed as essential parameters for qualitative survey while density, flow rate, pedestrian speed and width were used in quantitative survey for sidewalks. In developing the PLOS over sidewalk facility; Conjoint analysis, Landis method, HCM method, affinity propagation cluster algorithm and Gainesville method were preferred by various researchers. Studies conducted over crosswalk facility measured space, flow rate, vehicle volume and delay as the most significant factors in developing LOS based on quantitative technique; while vehicle speed, ...

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Section: Walkway Facilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sidewalk Facilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pedestrian flow characteristics and level of service on dissimilar facilities: A critical review

2018

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“…Implementing the concept of walkability into cities has fostered a new culture of mobility, which brings with it many benefits, such as [12,13,14,15,16,17]: -Improving the level of safety on the streets -Decreasing the environmental footprint and reducing air pollution, traffic, noise or vibrations -Improving the attractiveness of public spaces, which can be help to support local businesses and local tourism, as well as encourage investment -Decreasing spending on construction of and repairs to the road infrastructure -Improving the health of residents and prolonging their life -Balancing the transport system load -Reducing the scale of difference in the usage of means of transport The concept of a walkable city as an alternative form of urban mobility 225.…”

Section: Walkability Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

The concept of a walkable city as an alternative form of urban mobility

Turoń¹,

Czech²,

Juzek³

2017

SJSUT.ST

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The article is dedicated to the concept of the walkable city as an alternative form of urban mobility. In the work, the authors present basic principles connected with the notion of walkability in the context of sustainable development and sustainable transport. The authors also discuss pro-pedestrian solutions implemented in the Polish cities of Łódź, Rybnik, Szczecin, Gdynia, Wrocław and Katowice, including examples of good practice regarding walkability and the "Walk Score" indicator. The article also introduces typical problems related to pedestrians' movement around the city. The advantages of implementing the walkability concept and the factors related to making cities more "pedestrianfriendly" are mentioned as well. Overall, the aim of this work is to introduced the concept of walkability as an alternative form of smart mobility in the context of urban logistics.

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“…Some studies have defined the PLOS as a classification problem. For example, Sahani and Kumar (2017) used three methods of clustering, including affinity propagation, self-organizing maps in artificial neural networks and genetic algorithm-fuzzy (GA-Fuzzy) methods, to find the most suitable clustering. They found that the GA-Fuzzy is the most suitable one.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring effective micro-level items for evaluating inclusive walking facilities on urban streets (applied in Johor Bahru, Malaysia)

Asadi-Shekari

Moeinaddini

Aghaabbasi

et al. 2019

Sustainable Cities and Society

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A B S T R A C TModern cities try to provide enough facilities for inclusive and pedestrian-friendly streets. Evaluating and designing models that consider a wide range of street users, including disabled people, can help urban planners to design these inclusive streets. The results of existing (but limited) studies evaluating street conditions for pedestrians do not include a wide range of street users. Therefore, this paper seeks to propose a new model for evaluating and improving urban streets, focusing on inclusive pedestrian facilities. This study introduces pedestrian mobility indicators using advanced design guidelines, existing literature and expert interviews. These indicators are evaluated by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to find underlying patterns. Levels of association between observed and latent variables are tested by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and second-order confirmatory factor analysis (SOCFA). Structural equation modelling (SEM) is used to perform the CFA and SOCFA analyses. A questionnaire was used to collect data from 599 participants randomly selected from Setia Tropika residents (Johor, Malaysia). The resultant factor loading values are used as weights in an analytical points-based system, comparing existing facilities to a standard to estimate street facilities and infrastructure levels of service for pedestrians. This pedestrian level of service (PLOS) can be applied to various urban streets around the world, but in this study a street in Malaysia is evaluated using this method to check the accuracy of the proposed PLOS model. Existing street problems and potential improvements can be identified by this model.

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Pedestrian Level of Service Criteria for Urban Off-Street Facilities in Mid-Sized Cities

Cited by 29 publications

References 22 publications

Pedestrian flow characteristics and level of service on dissimilar facilities: A critical review

Pedestrian flow characteristics and level of service on dissimilar facilities: A critical review

The concept of a walkable city as an alternative form of urban mobility

Exploring effective micro-level items for evaluating inclusive walking facilities on urban streets (applied in Johor Bahru, Malaysia)

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