Pedestrian-induced vibrations of the Clifton Suspension Bridge, UK

Macdonald, John H G

doi:10.1680/bren.2008.161.2.69

Cited by 45 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…Macdonald (2008) identified 27 modes of vibration with natural frequency below 3 Hz, which are more than enough to characterise the global dynamic behaviour of the bridge. However, to capture fully the local transient dynamics due to sudden changes in loading as vehicles drive onto or off the suspended span, a higher frequency range was captured in these experiments.…”

Section: Wireless Sensor Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The system could also be evaluated against previous monitoring systems. The size and structure of the bridge also makes it convenient for study: small enough that the complete bridge can be monitored and understood, but large enough and flexible enough to exhibit some interesting dynamic behaviour (Macdonald, 2008;Nikitas et al, 2011). The CSB's function as a toll bridge means that existing traffic monitoring infrastructure might provide information about vehicles.…”

Section: Deploymentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Macdonald (2008) identified that all the deck vibration modes below 3 Hz could be detected at a location 26·8 m from the midpoint, and so this was selected as the location for one of the accelerometer cross-sections. A second accelerometer cross-section was selected at the Leigh Woods end of the bridge deck as it was believed that this would show the greatest transient response from vehicles entering and exiting the suspended deck span.…”

Section: Deployment Locationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Webb et al, 2015). This iconic structure is the subject of ongoing research such as the vibration response caused by pedestrians and wind loading (Macdonald, 2008;Nikitas et al, 2011). However, the structural response has not previously been correlated with vehicular use (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the structural response has not previously been correlated with vehicular use (e.g. Macdonald, 2008), which this sensor deployment aims to address. The top of this bridge is not an easy place on which to deploy a WSN thanks to its structure of iron and masonry, and much was learnt about the benefits and limitations of the deployed technology during this project.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid deployment of a WSN on the Clifton Suspension Bridge, UK

Gunner

Vardanega

Tryfonas

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Smart Infra

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The Clifton Suspension Bridge is an emblematic structure in Bristol, UK. In this paper, a rapid deployment of a structural health monitoring (SHM) system for short-term monitoring is described. The system, deployed in a single day, integrates wireless SHM and open-source data management systems to gather valuable information about the bridge use (loading). The deployed system can be used to inform structural response models as well as studies for traffic engineering purposes. The use of open-source software was critical to the successful deployment.

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Section: Wireless Sensor Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Deploymentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Deployment Locationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Rapid deployment of a WSN on the Clifton Suspension Bridge, UK

Gunner

Vardanega

Tryfonas

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Smart Infra

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Three-dimensional dynamic deflections and natural frequencies of a stiff footbridge based on measurements of collocated sensors

Moschas

Stiros

2013

Struct. Control Health Monit.

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SUMMARYA redundant system of collocated geodetic sensors and an accelerometer were used to measure the displacements of a stiff, 40-m-long footbridge excited by essentially vertical synchronized jumps. A main output of the measurements was that excitations produced vertical deflections (of the order of several mm), lateral deflections with an amplitude about half that of the vertical, an effect known for various bridges, and also smaller-scale longitudinal deflections, probably induced by the vertical ones. This combination of deflections in three axes is not an artifact of measuring errors, or of limitations of specific instruments, and do not reflect random effects, for they have been observed in different experiments by different sensors (Global Navigation Satellite System-GNSS, i.e., Global Positioning System-GPS plus the Russian Global Navigation Satellite System-GLONASS), robotic total stations-RTS (or robotic theodolite), and an accelerometer, and were tested through control of the measurement errors from time series reflecting no bridge oscillations. In all cases, sensors provided similar estimates of deflections and of deflection-derived dominant frequencies, which were found equal to those derived from the accelerometer. The proposed instrumentation and methodology seem suitable to control deflections of bridges in cases that visibility of satellites is poor or is disrupted by vehicle circulation. Measurement-based modeling of bridges described might be useful for understanding the structural behavior of bridges under several types of dynamic loads and can contribute to the displacement-based design of structures.

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Lateral crowd‐structure interaction model to analyse the change of the modal properties of footbridges

Jiménez‐Alonso

Sáez

Caetano

et al. 2019

Struct Control Health Monit

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In this paper, a biomechanical crowd-structure interaction model is proposed and calibrated in order to take into account the change of the modal properties of footbridges in lateral direction induced by the pedestrian walking action.The model involves two submodels, namely, (a) the pedestrian-structure interaction and (b) the crowd submodels. In the first submodel, a single degree of freedom system, which simulates the behaviour of each pedestrian, is projected on the vibration modes of the structure. Herein, the parameters of the first submodel are estimated experimentally from the results of several pedestrian tests conducted on a real footbridge. For the second submodel, the crowd behaviour is modelled via a multiagent method. The performance of the overall model has been assessed successfully via the correlation between the change of the first experimental lateral natural frequency of another footbridge during a pedestrian test and the numerical predictions provided by the proposed model. Therefore, this model becomes a valuable tool to analyse numerically the change of the modal parameters of footbridges due to the pedestrianstructure interaction.KEYWORDS change of natural frequencies, crowd dynamics, footbridge, lateral lock-in phenomenon, pedestrianstructure interaction, simplified biomechanical model | INTRODUCTIONAfter the vibratory problems occurred during the opening ceremony of the Millennium footbridge (London, UK), 1 the analysis of the behaviour of footbridges, due to the lateral pedestrian induced vibrations, has become an essential part of their structural design. 2 During the last two decades, many models have been proposed in the literature to simulate the excitation generated by the pedestrian-induced lateral vibrations. These models may be classified into one of the following categories: (a) direct resonance, (b) internal resonance, and (c) dynamic interaction between the pedestrians and the footbridge. 3 Herein, the proposed model can be ascribed to this third category, where the excitation mechanism is originated by the coexistence of an interaction between both pedestrians and the movement of the bridge and among pedestrians themselves.The first attempt to simulate the pedestrian-structure interaction was based on the assumption that a walking pedestrian may be modelled by a pendulum walking model, where a lumped mass situated at the pedestrian's centre of gravity is linked to the structure by a rigid massless element. In 1992, this idea was used by Abe and Fujino 4 to propose a non-linear model for the lateral pedestrian force in terms of the inertial force of the pedestrian and the

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Pedestrian-induced vibrations of the Clifton Suspension Bridge, UK

Cited by 45 publications

References 4 publications

Rapid deployment of a WSN on the Clifton Suspension Bridge, UK

Rapid deployment of a WSN on the Clifton Suspension Bridge, UK

Three-dimensional dynamic deflections and natural frequencies of a stiff footbridge based on measurements of collocated sensors

Lateral crowd‐structure interaction model to analyse the change of the modal properties of footbridges

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