Pedestrian crosswalk overflow violation in China: Characteristics and countermeasure

Cao, Ningbo; Chen, Yongheng; Qu, Zhaowei; Zhao, Liying; Bai, Qingshun; Deng, Xiaolei

doi:10.1007/s12204-017-1891-8

Cited by 1 publication

(5 citation statements)

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“…Indeed, milu populations diminished, and there was a tendency towards continuous decreases. This is further evidenced by fossil records and associated literary records(Cao 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…S1 ). This species was first introduced to west in 1866 by Armand David (Père David)(Cao 2005), and subsequently became extinct in its native China in the early 20 th century(Cao 2005). Fortunately, between 1894 and 1901, Herbrand Arthur Russell (the 11 th Duke of Bedford), acquired the few remaining deer (18 individuals) from European zoos.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fortunately, between 1894 and 1901, Herbrand Arthur Russell (the 11 th Duke of Bedford), acquired the few remaining deer (18 individuals) from European zoos. These individuals were nurtured at Woburn Abbey in England(Cao 2005) ( Figure 1C ) and the current world population was derived from this herd(Cao 2005). In the mid-1980s, 77 individuals were reintroduced to captive facilities in China(Cao 2005; Jiang and Harris 2008), and populations were established in Beijing, Dafeng, Tianezhou and Yuanyang ( Figure 1C ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These individuals were nurtured at Woburn Abbey in England(Cao 2005) ( Figure 1C ) and the current world population was derived from this herd(Cao 2005). In the mid-1980s, 77 individuals were reintroduced to captive facilities in China(Cao 2005; Jiang and Harris 2008), and populations were established in Beijing, Dafeng, Tianezhou and Yuanyang ( Figure 1C ). Since then, the populations have rapidly expanded, and the milu have managed to overcome the genetic bottleneck of inbreeding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eight SAPs were predicted to influence channel function, thereby affecting salt-sensation and sodium absorption ( Figure 3D ). Historically, milu were widely distributed in the eastern coastal regions of China(Cao 2005) ( Figure 1A ). Currently, the largest captive and wild release populations live in Dafeng Natural Reserve, in the eastern coastal shoal region of China ( Figure 1C ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative genomics and metagenomics analyses of endangered Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus) provide insights into population recovery

Zhu

Zhang

Deng³

et al. 2016

Preprint

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The milu (Père David’s deer, Elaphurus davidianus) has become a classic example of how highly endangered animal species can be rescued. However, the mechanisms that underpinned this population recovery remain largely unknown. As part of this study, we sequenced and analyzed whole genomes from multiple captive individuals. Following this analysis, we observed that the milu experienced a prolonged population decline over the last 200,000 years, which led to an elongated history of inbreeding. This protracted inbreeding history facilitated the purging of deleterious recessive alleles, thereby ameliorating associated threats to population viability. Because of this phenomenon, milu are now believed to be less susceptible to future inbreeding depression occurrences. SNP distribution patterns confirmed inbreeding history and also indicated sign of increased and increasing diversity in the recovered milu population. A selective sweep analysis identified two outlier genes (CTSR2 and GSG1) that were related to male fertility. Furthermore, we observed strong signatures of selection pertaining to the host immune system, including six genes (SERPINE1, PDIA3, CD302, IGLL1, VPREB3, and CD53 antigen), which are likely to strengthen resistance to pathogens. We also identified several adaptive features including the over-representation of gene families encoding for olfactory receptor activity, a high selection pressure pertaining to DNA repair and host immunity, and tolerance to high-salt swamp diets. Moreover, glycan biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and cofactor and vitamin metabolism were all significantly enriched in the gut microbiomes of milu. We speculate that these characteristics play an important role in milu energy metabolism, immunity, development, and health. In conclusion, our findings provide a unique insight into animal population recovery strategies.

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“…Indeed, milu populations diminished, and there was a tendency towards continuous decreases. This is further evidenced by fossil records and associated literary records(Cao 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%