Pedestrian crashes in Washington, DC and Baltimore

Preusser, David F.; Wells, Joann K.; Williams, Allan F.; Weinstein, Helen B.

doi:10.1016/s0001-4575(01)00070-7

Cited by 51 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The authors suggest that even though determining fault may be difficult, “identification of those at-fault can assist in the determination of where to focus efforts of enforcement or educational programs” (p. 2048). On the other hand, a US study found that pedestrians were more likely to be at fault than drivers in both Washington, DC and Baltimore [15]. Police crash data were coded according to precipitating factors leading to the injury event, including legal violations by pedestrians (crossing against the light) and motorists (failure to stop for red lights or stop signs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pedestrian Injury and Human Behaviour: Observing Road-Rule Violations at High-Incident Intersections

2011

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BackgroundHuman behaviour is an obvious, yet under-studied factor in pedestrian injury. Behavioural interventions that address rule violations by pedestrians and motorists could potentially reduce the frequency of pedestrian injury. In this study, a method was developed to examine road-rule non-compliance by pedestrians and motorists. The purpose of the study was to examine the potential association between violations made by pedestrians and motorists at signalized intersections, and collisions between pedestrians and motor-vehicles. The underlying hypothesis is that high-incident pedestrian intersections are likely to vary with respect to their aetiology, and thus are likely to require individualized interventions – based on the type and rate of pedestrian and motorist violation.MethodsHigh-incident pedestrian injury intersections in Vancouver, Canada were identified using geographic information systems. Road-rule violations by pedestrians and motorists were documented at each incident hotspot by a team of observers at several different time periods during the day.ResultsApproximately 9,000 pedestrians and 18,000 vehicles were observed in total. In total for all observed intersections, over 2000 (21%) pedestrians committed one of the observed pedestrian road-crossing violations, while approximately 1000 (5.9%) drivers committed one of the observed motorist violations. Great variability in road-rule violations was observed between intersections, and also within intersections at different observation periods.ConclusionsBoth motorists and pedestrians were frequently observed committing road-rule violations at signalized intersections, suggesting a potential human behavioural contribution to pedestrian injury at the study sites. These results suggest that each intersection may have unique mechanisms that contribute to pedestrian injury, and may require targeted behavioural interventions. The method described in this study provides the basis for understanding the relationship between violations and pedestrian injury risk at urban intersections. Findings could be applied to targeted prevention campaigns designed to reduce the number of pedestrian injuries at signalized intersections.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pedestrian Injury and Human Behaviour: Observing Road-Rule Violations at High-Incident Intersections

2011

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“…Intoxication (driver or pedestrian) affects the risk of pedestrian-vehicle crashes (daSilva et al, 2003), but also generally increases pedestrian injury severity when crashes occur (Miles-Doan, 1996;Jensen, 1999;Öström and Eriksson, 2001). The influences of other factors have been studied, such as traffic signal spacing (Shankar et al, 2003), crosswalks (Zeeger et al, 1996;Leden et al, 2006), intersections (Koepsell et al, 2002;Lee and Abdel-Aty, 2005), sidewalks (McMahon et al, 2002), time (Al-Ghamdi, 2002), culpability (Preusser et al, 2002), traffic volume (Davis et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and pedestrian injury severity in motor-vehicle crashes: A heteroskedastic logit analysis

Kim

Úlfarsson

Shankar

et al. 2008

Accident Analysis & Prevention

250

148

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“…Certain pedestrian and driver factors are associated with pedestrian crash risk (20,21). For 13 example: 14…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Roadway Intersection Characteristics and Pedestrian Crash Risk in Alameda County, California

Schneider

Diógenes

Arnold

et al. 2010

Transportation Research Record

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Pedestrian crashes in Washington, DC and Baltimore

Cited by 51 publications

References 9 publications

Pedestrian Injury and Human Behaviour: Observing Road-Rule Violations at High-Incident Intersections

Pedestrian Injury and Human Behaviour: Observing Road-Rule Violations at High-Incident Intersections

Age and pedestrian injury severity in motor-vehicle crashes: A heteroskedastic logit analysis

Association between Roadway Intersection Characteristics and Pedestrian Crash Risk in Alameda County, California

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