Pedelecs as a physically active transportation mode

Peterman, James E.; Morris, Kalee L.; Kram, Rodger; Byrnes, William C.

doi:10.1007/s00421-016-3408-9

Cited by 55 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In addition, we found that heart rate during e‐cycling was within the range sufficient to increase cardiorespiratory fitness and was comparable to experimental studies in younger healthy individuals where e‐cycling elicited a heart rate of 67–69% HR max over a flat circuit 15 and 80–84% HR max on an uphill route 14. Increased fitness through e‐cycling may be predictive of improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors 19, with a recent study reporting improved response to an oral glucose tolerance test in healthy individuals 20, suggesting that e‐cycling may have potential for improving glucose control in people with Type 2 diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Potential of electric bicycles to improve the health of people with Type 2 diabetes: a feasibility study

et al. 2018

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AimTo explore in a feasibility study whether ‘e‐cycling’ was acceptable to, and could potentially improve the health of, people with Type 2 diabetes.MethodsTwenty people with Type 2 diabetes were recruited and provided with an electric bicycle for 20 weeks. Participants completed a submaximal fitness test at baseline and follow‐up to measure predicted maximal aerobic power, and semi‐structured interviews were conducted to assess the acceptability of using an electric bicycle. Participants wore a heart rate monitor and a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver in the first week of electric bicycle use to measure their heart‐rate during e‐cycling.ResultsEighteen participants completed the study, cycling a median (interquartile range) of 21.4 (5.5–37.7) km per week. Predicted maximal aerobic power increased by 10.9%. Heart rate during electric bicycle journeys was 74.7% of maximum, compared with 64.3% of maximum when walking. Participants used the electric bicycles for commuting, shopping and recreation, and expressed how the electric bicycle helped them to overcome barriers to active travel/cycling, such as hills. Fourteen participants purchased an electric bicycle on study completion.ConclusionsThere was evidence that e‐cycling was acceptable, could increase fitness and elicited a heart rate that may lead to improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors in this population. Electric bicycles have potential as a health‐improving intervention in people with Type 2 diabetes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Potential of electric bicycles to improve the health of people with Type 2 diabetes: a feasibility study

et al. 2018

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“…Thus, e-bike use in this study retained the majority of the cycling health benefit and met established biometric thresholds for cardiovascular fitness. The findings from the current study confirm two earlier findings from smaller studies in Europe, which also reported improvement in biometric outcomes relating to ebike usage [34,35].…”

Section: Principal Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Increasing Active Transportation Through E-Bike Use: Pilot Study Comparing the Health Benefits, Attitudes, and Beliefs Surrounding E-Bikes and Conventional Bikes (Preprint)

Hoj¹,

Bramwell²,

Lister³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Background: The emergence of electric pedal-assist bicycles (e-bikes) presents an opportunity to increase active transportation by minimizing personal barriers to engage in physical activity. Objectives: This study assesses the beliefs of individuals using e-bikes for active transport, and reports on preliminary biometric measurements while using e-bikes for physical activity in comparison to conventional bikes. Methods: Participants used both conventional bicycles and e-bikes to compare energy expenditure while riding on the study route. Apple smart watches were used to track each participant's heart rate, distance, speed, and time while riding both bicycles. Three survey instruments were used to estimate beliefs, one administered prior to riding the bicycles, a second administered after riding a conventional bike, and the final survey completed after riding an ebike. Survey instruments were constructed using constructs from the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Results: The study sample (n=33) included adults between the ages of 18 and 34. Paired T-test analysis revealed that participants believed a conventional bike was more likely than an e-bike to benefit their physical health (P=.002) and save them money (P= .005), while an e-bike was perceived to be more likely than a conventional bike to save them time (P<.001). Paired T-test analysis revealed participants significantly agreed more with the statement that they could ride an e-bike most days (P=.006) compared to a conventional bike. After participants traveled an average of 10.46 miles on each type of bicycle, participants' mean average heart rate while riding the e-bike was 6.21 beats per minute lower than when riding the conventional bike (P=.04), but both were significantly higher than resting heart rate (P<.001). Conclusions: This study suggests that e-bikes may still be considered an active form of transportation capable of providing much of the physical health benefits obtained during conventional bike use. E-bikes may help reduce some of the obstacles to conventional bike use, such as increased transportation time, decreased convenience, and physical fatigue.

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“…Participants filled out the GPAQ in their preferred language. Moderate-intensity activities, vigorous-intensity activities, walking, cycling and e-bike trips were assigned a value for their metabolic equivalent of task (MET) of 4, 8 [26], 4, 6.8 [27] and 5 [28,29] respectively. Cleaning of GPAQ data and calculation of moderate to vigorous METminutes per week, minutes per day and sedentary minutes per day was performed according to the WHO GPAQ analysis guidelines [26].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in daily life: A comparative analysis of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and the SenseWear armband

Laeremans¹,

Dons²,

Ávila-Palència³

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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Reduction of sedentary time and an increase in physical activity offer potential to improve public health. However, quantifying physical activity behaviour under real world conditions is a major challenge and no standard of good practice is available. Our aim was to compare the results of physical activity and sedentary behaviour obtained with a self-reported instrument (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ)) and a wearable sensor (SenseWear) in a repeated measures study design. Healthy adults (41 in Antwerp, 41 in Barcelona and 40 in London) wore the SenseWear armband for seven consecutive days and completed the GPAQ on the final day. This was repeated three times. We used the Wilcoxon signed rank sum test, Spearman correlation coefficients, mixed effects regression models and Bland-Altman plots to study agreement between both methods. Mixed models were used to assess the effect of personal characteristics on the absolute and relative difference between estimates obtained with the GPAQ and SenseWear. Moderate to vigorous energy expenditure and duration derived from the GPAQ were significantly lower (p<0.05) compared to the SenseWear, yet these variables showed significant correlations ranging from 0.45 to 0.64. Estimates of vigorous-intensity physical activity in particular showed high similarity (r>0.59). Results for sedentary behaviour did not differ, yet were poorly correlated (r<0.25). The differences between all variables were reproducible across repeated measurements. In addition, we observed a relationship between these differences and BMI, body fat and physical activity domain. Due to the lack of a standardized protocol, results from different studies measuring physical activity and sedentary behaviour are difficult to compare. Therefore, we suggested an easy-to-implement approach for future studies adding the GPAQ to the wearable of choice as a basis for comparisons.

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Pedelecs as a physically active transportation mode

Cited by 55 publications

References 25 publications

Potential of electric bicycles to improve the health of people with Type 2 diabetes: a feasibility study

Potential of electric bicycles to improve the health of people with Type 2 diabetes: a feasibility study

Increasing Active Transportation Through E-Bike Use: Pilot Study Comparing the Health Benefits, Attitudes, and Beliefs Surrounding E-Bikes and Conventional Bikes (Preprint)

Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in daily life: A comparative analysis of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and the SenseWear armband

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