Objective:
To report the frequency and symptomatic characteristics of amiodarone-induced
neuropathies and related neurotoxicities.
Data Sources:
Literature retrieval was accessed through MEDLINE and PubMed (1950–July 2010),
using the terms amiodarone, neuropathy, and neurotoxicity. In addition, reference
citations from publications identified were reviewed.
Study Selection and Data Extraction:
All articles published in English retrieved from the data sources were assessed.
Case reports, randomized trials, and retrospective medical record analyses were
included in the review.
Data Synthesis:
The frequency and characteristics of amiodarone-induced neurologic disturbances
are not well established. We reviewed 7 case reports, 8 randomized trials, and 1
retrospective record analysis. Neurologic adverse reactions associated with
amiodarone therapy consistently presented as tremor, gait ataxia, peripheral
neuropathy, or a combination. Amiodarone dose and duration of exposure ranged from
200 mg/day to 1200 mg/day and 21/2 months to 20 years, respectively,
across case reports. Similarly, clinical trials and retrospective analysis
demonstrated widely varying rates of neurotoxicity after amiodarone exposure, from
1.6% to 54%. A dose- or duration-dependent nature of amiodarone exposure and its
associated neurotoxicity is difficult to substantiate, based on current
literature. Nonetheless, the nature of its clinical presentation and mechanism of
pathogenesis is better understood.
Conclusions:
A dose- or duration-dependant rise in the frequency of amiodarone-induced
neurologic disturbances has not been established, due to variances in dose and
duration exposure, differing study definitions of neurotoxicity, and inconsistent
criteria for reporting a drug event, across relevant literature.