Peculiarities of the technology of growing new potato varieties in the Polissia of Ukraine

Abstract

In 2018‒2020, the Institute for Potato Research of NAAS of Ukraine studied the effect of different rates of application of mineral fertilizers in combination with chelated fertilizers on yield, biometric indicators of potatoes and edible properties of tubers. Chelated fertilizers were used to treat tubers during planting and foliar fertilization of new potato varieties in the Ukrainian state. The purpose of the research is to develop elements of technology for growing new varieties of potatoes for the best realization of genetic potential. Research methods ‒ field, measurement, statistical. The early-ripening variety Slauta and the medium-ripening variety Gurman responded positively to the use of fertilizers, rates and methods of their application. The Gurman variety compared to the Slauta variety had better stem-forming capacity of the tubers. On average, for the years 2018-2020, the use of chelated fertilizers together with nitroammophoska increased the productivity of the Slаutа variety to 10.2 t/ha, and the Gurman variety to 6.9 t/ha compared to the control. During 2018–2020, the percentage of the seed fraction prevailed in the crop structure. The largest number of seed tubers in the Slаutа variety was provided by the sixth variant, which yielded 313.6 thousand pieces/ha with a total weight of 16.8 t/ha with a multiplication factor of 4.7. The fifth variant also stood out, in which the number of tubers was 292.4 thousand units/ha with a total weight of 14.1 t/ha with a multiplication factor of 4.4. The number of seed tubers in the Gurman variety ranged from 182.7 to 419.4 thousand pieces/ha. The mass of tubers in the sixth variant was 16.6 t/ha with a multiplication factor of 6.4. Therefore, the largest yield of seed tubers was obtained in the variants where chelated fertilizers were used and nitroammofoska was applied when planting potatoes. In the Slauta variety, the lowest percentage of tubers damaged by soil pests was found in the sixth option, where mineral fertilizers N60P60K90 were applied, spreading + treatment of tubers during planting + treatment of plants during the growing season. In the Gurman variety, the lowest percentage of tubers damaged by soil pests was found in the fourth option, where the tubers were processed during planting and foliar feeding of potatoes was carried out. The Gurman variety is characterized by better indicators of suitability for processing into potato products.