Peculiarities of the production of graphene oxides with controlled properties from industrial coal liquids

Evolution in the formation of graphene nanocapsules from coal tar pitch

“…As a solution, CTP can be thought as a cheap organic material which results from tar and can be used to produce GNs (by a pyrolysis process), considering that the morphology of CTP is a primary factor of the microstructure of the resulting carbon material (Xu et al 2014). Depending on the composition of coal tar (determined by the process used to produce coke) and the conditions of distillation, two distinct types of CTP can be commercialised: binder and impregnating pitches (Fernández-García et al 2017).…”

A facile method for coal to graphene oxide and its application to a biosensor

“…Lv et al [16] converted bituminous coal to graphitic carbon via graphitization treatment at 2800 C, which was then converted to GO via Hummer's method. Fern andez-García et al [17] used impregnation-grade tar and anthracite oil as graphene precursors to produce graphitic carbon via a two-step strategy: carbonization at 650e1000 C followed by graphitization at 2800 C. In another approach, Vijapur et al synthesized large area and transparent graphene film on the Cu foil using anthracite [18] and bituminous coal [19] by CVD around 1000 C. Wu et al [20] fabricated graphene film by spin-coating of coal-derived GO solution via multi-chemical reactions with NaNO 3 , H 2 SO 4 , and HNO 3 , in order. Collectively, these studies have demonstrated that graphitic carbon can be synthesized from coal and potentially utilized as a precursor for the synthesis of graphene.…”

Graphene materials from microwave-derived carbon precursors

“…In this context, anthracene oil (AO), a fraction obtained from coal tar by distillation consisting on a mixture of polyaromatic (from 2 to 4 aromatic rings) hydrocarbons [7], has been widely used as carbon precursor [7,8]. Even though it is considered a low-cost residue from the carbochemical industry, it is an excellent raw material for the production of synthetic pitches [7,8], which at the same time are suitable precursors for the synthesis of high added-value products, such as graphite and graphene materials [9]. The first step in the production of graphite from AO-pitches involves their polymerization at high temperatures in absence of air [10].…”