Peculiarities of the morphogenesis and topography of the human orbit.

Abstract

Background. Age dynamics of the orbit morphogenesis, stages of the topography formation of its structural components is a significant subject of the scientific search to elucidate the morphological underlying reason of stiopathogenesis of the congenital and acquired diseases of the organ of sight, accessory eye apparatus, muscular, vascular and nervous components of the orbit. Objective. To analyze the modern stage of studying morphogenesis and peculiarities of the age dynamics of the anatomical changes of the human orbit, to elucidate discrepant and not solved issues of morphology of its structures. Methods. Critical analysis of the domestic and foreign sources, dedicated to the human orbit morphology studying, realized 10 years ago. Results. The main stages of morphogenesis of the human orbit structures (bones, adipose tissue, muscles, blood vessels and nerves) have been analyzed in the review of the scientific literature. Human orbit is characterized with sexual-age and peculiar changeability, conformities' elucidation of which will allow to individualize the operative treatment and prognosticate its possible complications. Data concerning anlage of the human orbit structures, morphogenesis peculiarities and sequence of topographic-anatomical changes of its structures are left to be fragmental and contradictory. Conclusion.Up-to-date data about morphogenesis and formation of topography of the muscular structures of the human orbit require a complex morphological investigation in the age dynamics of the structural and topographic-anatomical changes. The present data concerning prenatal development of the orbit are fragmentary and do not give complete conception about the sequence of the structural transformation during antenatal life. Information about sources, location, term and sequence of anlage of the human orbit structures as well as peculiarities of the change of the form, sizes, syntopy, variation anatomy in the age dynamics of ontogenesis require more precise definition. Determination of these important tasks by the scientistsmorphologists will promote the morphological underlying reason formation to develop new methods of the operative treatment and diagnostics of the human orbit pathology.