Pectic Signal Transduction in Carrot Cells: Membrane, Cytosolic and Nuclear Responses Induced by Oligogalacturonides

Messiaen, Johan; Cutsem, Pierre Van

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a078643

Cited by 74 publications

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“…Indirect evidence has been presented that the lower limit of the size requirement for oligogalacturonides to elicit most responses is due to the inability of oligomers shorter than DP 9 to form the egg box. For example, induction of ion flux in carrot and tobacco cells and phytoalexin accumulation in carrot cells requires a minimum DP of 9 or 10 and the presence of millimolar Ca 2ϩ (Mathieu et al, 1991;Messiaen et al, 1993;Messiaen and Van Cutsem, 1994). It is possible that the reduction in biological activity of reducing-end-derivatized oligogalacturonides reported in this paper is due to a shift in the equilibrium of the oligogalacturonides away from a physiologically active conformation, such as the egg box.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transient membrane depolarization accompanied by rapid K ϩ ion efflux and extracellular alkalinization was induced when suspension-cultured tobacco or carrot cells were exposed to micromolar concentrations of oligogalacturonides having DPs of 10 to 15 (Mathieu et al, 1991;Messiaen and Van Cutsem, 1994). These rapid responses have been hypothesized to act as signaling events leading to delayed responses, such as the alteration of TCL-explant morphogenesis (Mathieu et al, 1991;Messiaen and Van Cutsem, 1994).…”

Section: All Four Derivatives Of G 13 Were More Than 30-fold Reduced mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These rapid responses have been hypothesized to act as signaling events leading to delayed responses, such as the alteration of TCL-explant morphogenesis (Mathieu et al, 1991;Messiaen and Van Cutsem, 1994). We have characterized the ability of various sizes of reducing-end-derivatized and underivatized oligogalacturonides to induce extracellular alkalinization in cv Samsun suspension cultures, the same cultivar used for the tobacco morphogenesis bioassay.…”

Section: All Four Derivatives Of G 13 Were More Than 30-fold Reduced mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological Activity of Reducing-End-Derivatized Oligogalacturonides in Tobacco Tissue Cultures1

et al. 1998

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The biological activity of reducing-end-modified oligogalacturonides was quantified in four tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) tissue culture bioassays. The derivatives used were oligogalacturonides with the C-1 of their reducing end (a) covalently linked to a biotin hydrazide, (b) covalently linked to tyramine, (c) chemically reduced to a primary alcohol, or (d) enzymatically oxidized to a carboxylic acid. These derivatives were tested for their ability to (a) alter morphogenesis of N. tabacum cv Samsun thin cell-layer explants, (b) elicit extracellular alkalinization by suspension-cultured cv Samsun cells, (c) elicit extracellular alkalinization by suspensioncultured N. tabacum cv Xanthi cells, and (d) elicit H 2 O 2 accumulation in the cv Xanthi cells. In all four bioassays, each of the derivatives had reduced biological activity compared with the corresponding underivatized oligogalacturonides, demonstrating that the reducing end is a key element for the recognition of oligogalacturonides in these systems. However, the degree of reduction in biological activity depends on the tissue culture system used and on the nature of the specific reducing-end modification. These results suggest that oligogalacturonides are perceived differently in each tissue culture system.Carbohydrates that act as signal molecules in plants (oligosaccharins) have been isolated from plant and fungal cell wall polysaccharides, from the cell walls of bacterial symbionts of plants, and from fungal glycopeptides (for review, see Ryan and Farmer, 1991;Darvill et al., 1992;Cô té and Hahn, 1994). We are interested in determining the mechanism by which one type of the plant cell wallderived oligosaccharins, the oligogalacturonides, elicit biological responses in plants.The biological effects elicited in plants by oligosaccharins are diverse (for review, see Ryan and Farmer, 1991;Darvill et al., 1992;Cô té and Hahn, 1994) but can generally be placed in two groups: delayed responses and rapid responses. Delayed responses are usually observed hours or days after oligosaccharin treatment and are often directly involved in adaptation to environmental conditions, whereas rapid responses generally occur at the plant cell surface and are observed within minutes after addition of oligosaccharins. The delayed responses elicited by oligogalacturonides can be broadly divided into those in which defense responses are induced and those in which growth and development are modified. The defense-related responses, depending on the plant species, include phytoalexin accumulation (Hahn et al., 1981), lignification of cell walls (Robertsen, 1986), and proteinase inhibitor accumulation (Bishop et al., 1984). The responses involving growth and development include induction of ethylene in tomato fruit (Brecht and Huber, 1988), inhibition of auxin-induced pea stem elongation (Branca et al., 1988), and regulation of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) TCL explant morphogenesis (Eberhard et al., 1989). The rapid responses induced by oligogalacturonides include enhanced protein phosp...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: All Four Derivatives Of G 13 Were More Than 30-fold Reduced mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: All Four Derivatives Of G 13 Were More Than 30-fold Reduced mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological Activity of Reducing-End-Derivatized Oligogalacturonides in Tobacco Tissue Cultures1

et al. 1998

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“…Studies on the transduction of the oligogalacturonide signal have shown that size-specific oligogalacturonides induce severa1 rapid cell surface responses, including the following: stimulation of a transient Kf efflux concomitant with membrane depolarization, alkalinization of the incubation medium, and an influx of Caz+ in suspension-cultured tobacco cells (Mathieu et al, 1991); elevation of cytosolic-free Ca2+ levels in carrot cells and protoplasts (Messiaen and Van Cutsem, 1994); in vitro phosphorylation of a 34-kD protein associated with potato and tomato plasma membranes (Farmer et al, 1990;Reymond et al, 1995); and induction of an H202-mediated oxidative burst in soybean cells (Aposto1 et al, 1989;Legendre et al, 1993a;Chandra and Low, 1995). H202 production is preceded by severa1 signaling events, including activation of GTP binding proteins , stimulation of phospholipase C (Legendre et al, 1993b), and changes in protein phosphorylation (Chandra and Low, 1995;Reymond et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oligogalacturonides Prevent Rhizogenesis in rolB-Transformed Tobacco Explants by Inhibiting Auxin-Induced Expression of the rolB Gene.

et al. 1996

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Oligogalacturonides elicit several defense responses and regulate different aspects of growth and development in plants.Many of the development-related effects of oligogaladuronides appear to be amenable to an auxin antagonist activity of these oligosaccharins. To clarify the role of oligogalacturonides in antagonizing auxin, we analyzed their effect on root formation in leaf explants of tobacco harboring the plant oncogene rolB We show here that oligogalacturonides are capable of inhibiting root morphogenesis driven by rol6 in transgenic leaf explants when this process requires exogenous auxin. Because rol6 expression is induced by auxin and dramatically altersthe response to this hormone in transformed plant cells, the inhibiting effect of oligogalacturonides could be exerted on the induction of rol6 and/or at some other auxin-requiring step(s) in rhizogenesis. We show that oligogalactumnides antagonize auxin primarily because they strongly inhibit auxin-regulated transcriptional activation of a rol6-B-glucuronidase gene fusion in both leaf explants and cultured leaf protoplasts. I n contrast, oligogalacturonides do not inhibit rhizogenesis when rol6 transcriptional activation is made independent of auxin, as shown by the lack of inhibition of root formation in leaf explants containing rol6 driven by a tetracycline-inducible promoter.

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“…The earliest detectable responses induced by OGs are the activation of specific ion channels leading to influx of H ϩ and Ca 2ϩ and efflux of K ϩ (Messiaen and Van Cutsem, 1994;Mathieu et al, 1998;Spiro et al, 1998), and the transient formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O 2 Ϫ , H 2 O 2 , and ⅐OH (Svalheim and Robertsen, 1993;Levine et al, 1994). How OGs cause the generation of ROS is not known.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular H2O2 Induced by Oligogalacturonides Is Not Involved in the Inhibition of the Auxin-Regulated rolB Gene Expression in Tobacco Leaf Explants

et al. 2000

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Pectic Signal Transduction in Carrot Cells: Membrane, Cytosolic and Nuclear Responses Induced by Oligogalacturonides

Cited by 74 publications

References 0 publications

Biological Activity of Reducing-End-Derivatized Oligogalacturonides in Tobacco Tissue Cultures1

Biological Activity of Reducing-End-Derivatized Oligogalacturonides in Tobacco Tissue Cultures1

Oligogalacturonides Prevent Rhizogenesis in rolB-Transformed Tobacco Explants by Inhibiting Auxin-Induced Expression of the rolB Gene.

Extracellular H2O2 Induced by Oligogalacturonides Is Not Involved in the Inhibition of the Auxin-Regulated rolB Gene Expression in Tobacco Leaf Explants

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