Pecans Lower Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in People with Normal Lipid Levels

Morgan, W. A.; Clayshulte, B.J.

doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(00)00097-3

Cited by 118 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A compensation score of 30% was reported from an 8 week chronic feeding study that provided a daily caloric challenge comparable to that used here, but with pecans. 8 However, that study used self-recorded food records and noted an increase in energy intake of 2017 kJ (482 kcal) from baseline to week 2 while body weight decreased by 1 kg. Assuming there was no Figure 5 Resting energy expenditure before incorporation of peanuts into the diet and after regular peanut consumption for 19 weeks excluding wash-out periods (n ¼ 15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of chronic peanut consumption on energy balance and hedonics

2002

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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of chronic peanut consumption on energy balance and hedonics. DESIGN: Thirty-week, cross-over, intervention study. Participants were provided 2113 AE 494 kJ=day (505 AE 118 kcal=day) as peanuts for 8 weeks with no dietary guidance (free feeding -FF), 3 weeks with instructions to add peanuts to their customary diet (addition -ADD) and 8 weeks where peanuts replaced an equal amount of other fats in the diet (substitution -SUB). SUBJECTS: Fifteen, healthy, normal-weight (BMI of 23.3 AE 1.8) adults, aged 33 AE 9 y. MEASUREMENTS: Dietary intake, appetitive indices, energy expenditure, body weight and hedonics. RESULTS: During FF, peanut consumption elicited a strong compensatory dietary response (ie subjects compensated for 66% of the energy provided by the nuts) and body weight gain (1.0 kg) was significantly lower than predicted (3.6 kg; P < 0.01). When customary dietary fat was replaced with the energy from peanuts, energy intake, as well as body weight, were maintained precisely. Participants were unaware that body weight was a research focus. Resting energy expenditure was increased by 11% after regular peanut consumption for 19 weeks (P < 0.01). Chronic consumption of peanuts did not lead to a decline in pleasantness or hunger ratings for peanuts nor did it lead to any hedonic shift for selected snack foods with other taste qualities during any of the three treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Despite being energy dense, peanuts have a high satiety value and chronic ingestion evokes strong dietary compensation and little change in energy balance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of chronic peanut consumption on energy balance and hedonics

2002

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“…Numerous clinical trials primarily designed to explore associations between nut consumption and indices of cardiovascular disease risk (for example, LDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol), also suggest nut consumption promotes little or no weight gain. This has been replicated with peanuts, 5 almonds, [6][7][8] pecans, 9 walnuts, [10][11][12] and macadamia nuts. 13 To account for these observations, it has been proposed that nuts elicit dietary compensation, increased energy expenditure and/or inefficient energy absorption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Peanut digestion and energy balance

Traoret

Lokko²,

Cruz

et al. 2007

Int J Obes

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Objective: To explore the effects of peanut consumption on fecal energy excretion with a balanced, non-vegetarian diet. Design: Four arm parallel group design (that is, whole peanut (P), peanut butter (PB), peanut oil (PO) or peanut flour (PF) consumption) with one crossover (control and intervention). Subjects: In total 63 healthy men and women from Ghana, Brazil and USA (N ¼ 15-16 per group) with an average body mass index of 21.8 kg m À2 . Measurements: Percent fat of fecal wet weight daily energy excretion during the control and the treatment periods. Results: Compared to control, the percentage of fat in the feces increased significantly for the P group (5.2270.29%) relative to the other three groups ((PO ¼ 3.0770.36%, PB ¼ 3.1170.31% (P ¼ 0.001), and PF ¼ 3.7570.40% (P ¼ 0.019)). The same findings held for kJ g À1 of feces excreted. During the P supplementation period, the energy excretion was 21.471.0 kJ g À1 versus 18.771.0 kJ g À1 for PO (P ¼ 0.034), 18.870.7 kJ g À1 for PB (P ¼ 0.042) and 18.570.8 kJ g À1 for PF (P ¼ 0.028). Conclusion: Fecal fat and energy loss is greater with consumption of whole peanuts compared to peanut butter, oil or flour. This may contribute to the less than predicted change of body weight observed with peanut consumption. There were no cultural differences.

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“…More striking is the fact that some studies found that when nuts are added to the diet, there is no associated increase in body weight even when total energy intake is substantially greater (Morgan & Clayshulte, 2000;Morgan et al, 2002). For example, adding 48 g of walnuts to the diet for 6 weeks did not increase weight although energy intake increased by 1661 kJ/day (Almario et al, 2001).…”

Section: Effect Of Nuts On Body Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nut consumption, body weight and insulin resistance

2003

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The beneficial effects of nuts on cardiovascular health are well known. However, since nuts provide a high caloric and fat content, some concern exists regarding a potential detrimental effect on body weight and insulin resistance. The current data available did not support such a negative effect of nut consumption on the short term or when nuts are included on diets that meet energy needs. Furthermore, there is some intriguing evidence that nuts can help to regulate body weight and protect against type II diabetes. This, however, still has to be proved and more research is needed to address the specific effects of nuts on satiety, energy balance, body weight and insulin resistance.

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Pecans Lower Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in People with Normal Lipid Levels

Cited by 118 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of chronic peanut consumption on energy balance and hedonics

Effects of chronic peanut consumption on energy balance and hedonics

Peanut digestion and energy balance

Nut consumption, body weight and insulin resistance

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