PECAM-1 isoforms, eNOS and endoglin axis in regulation of angiogenesis

Abstract

Vascular development and maintenance of proper vascular function through various regulatory mechanisms are critical to our wellbeing. Delineating the regulatory processes involved in development of vascular system and function is one of the most important topics in human physiology and pathophysiology. Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1/CD31), a cell adhesion molecule with proangiogenic and proinflammatory activity, has been subject of numerous studies. Here we will review the important roles PECAM-1 and its isoforms play during angiogenesis, and its molecular mechanisms of action in the endothelium. In the endothelium, PECAM-1 not only plays a role as an adhesion molecule but also participates in intracellular signaling pathways which impact various cell adhesive mechanisms and endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) expression and activity. In addition, recent studies from our laboratory have revealed an important relationship between PECAM-1 and endoglin expression. Endoglin is an essential molecule during angiogenesis, vascular development and integrity whose expression and activity are compromised in the absence of PECAM-1. Here we will discuss the roles PECAM-1 isoforms may play in modulation of endothelial cell adhesive mechanisms, eNOS and endoglin expression and activity, and angiogenesis.

The influence of anti-TNF therapy on CD31 and VEGF expression in colonic mucosa of Crohn’s disease patients in relation to mucosal healing

“…It is believed that the intensity of CD31 expression reflects the degree of angiogenesis, especially in neoplastic tissues [11,12]. In our study we confirmed that CD31 is also highly expressed on EC in intestinal biopsies taken from inflamed mucosa of CD patients.…”

“…CD31 is a protein found mainly on endothelial cells (EC), platelets, monocytes and granulocytes [11]. It is believed that the intensity of CD31 expression reflects the degree of angiogenesis, especially in neoplastic tissues [11,12].…”

Circulating IGF-1 deficiency exacerbates hypertension-induced microvascular rarefaction in the mouse hippocampus and retrosplenial cortex: implications for cerebromicrovascular and brain aging

“…2 0 0 7 ) , thromhospondin-1 (Thbs1) (Lawler 2002), Thbs2 (Volpert et al 1995), the potent anti-angiogenic chemokine platelet factor 4 (Pf4) (Bikfalvi 2004); vasohibin-1 (Vash1), which is a newly recognized (Takano et al 2014), Adamts1 ("a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 1"), which inhibits angiogenesis (Lee et al 2006) by suppressing endothelial cell proliferation; Col18a1, whose expression level impacts endostatin signaling and endothelial angiogenic capacity (Li and Olsen 2004) (endostatin, a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis, is a 20-kDa C-terminal fragment derived from type XVIII collagen); semaphorin-3F (Sema3f) (Ungvari et al 2011b;Frisbee et al 2007); tenomodulin (Tnmd) (Oshima et al 2003); brainspecific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (Bai1; also known as adhesion G protein-coupled receptor B1 [ADGRB1]) (Nishimori et al 1997); chromogranin A (Chga), which encodes the precursor to several angiogenesis inhibitor peptides including vasostatin-1 and vasostatin-2 (Helle and Corti 2015) and maspin ("mammary serine protease inhibitor"; encoded by the Serpinb5 gene (Qin and Zhang 2010). Figure 7 shows the expression of Tnfa, whose overproduction has been causally linked to microvascular rarefaction (Frisbee et al 2014); Tgfb1, which regulates multiple aspects of the angiogenic process and contributes to hypertension-induced microvascular rarefaction in the heart (Koitabashi et al 2011); Tgfa; angiogenin (Ang, also known as ribonuclease 5), which is a potent stimulator of angiogenesis and an inhibitor of endothelial apoptosis; Edil3 (EGF-like repeats and discoidin Ilike domains 3), which encodes a glycoprotein secreted by endothelial cells that regulates apoptosis, cell migration (Zhong et al 2003) and induces cerebral angiogenesis in mice (Fan et al 2008); midkine (Mdk, also known as neurite growth-promoting factor 2 or NEGF2), which is a pleiotropic growth factor regulating cell proliferation, cell migration and promoting angiogenesis (Mashour et al 2001 [HB-GAM]), which is a pro-angiogenic growth factor that is structurally related to midkine and whose expression in the adult brain is induced by ischemia; Tymp (thymidine phosphorylase, also known as platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor [ECGF1], which stimulates endothelial cell proliferation and induces angiogenesis in the brain (Hayashi et al 2007); platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (Pecam1; also known as CD31), which confers pro-angiogenic effects (Park et al 2015)<...>…”

Role of Klotho in migration and proliferation of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells

“…Data published by Park at al., demonstrated that lack of PECAM-1 had a significant influence on endothelial cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, resulting in reduction of cell migration and capillary morphogenesis. 27,28 These changes were associated with decreased expression of endothelial nitric oxide and nitric oxide bioavailability in PECAM-1 deficient retinal ECs. Furthermore, we have shown decreased expression of MMP9 in HDMECs (Fig.…”