Peatlands and Climate in a Ramsar context

Barthelmes, Alexandra; Couwenberg, John; Risager, Mette; Tegetmeyer, Cosima; Joosten, Hans

doi:10.6027/tn2015-544

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Depending on the time horizon that is used for the estimation of the radiative forcing (e.g., 20, 100, or 500 yr.; GWP 20 , GWP 100 , GWP 500 ), peatlands can be defined as net sinks (negative radiative forcing) or sources (positive radiative forcing) of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere (Barthelmes et al 2015). Considering the GWP 100 , the radiative forcing derived from the combined effect of CO 2 and CH 4 emissions from pristine peatlands fluctuates from positive to negative, having no net effect on the climate (Barthelmes et al 2015). However, using the same GWP 100 , peatlands can turn into net sources if their CH 4 emissions are higher than the CO 2 uptake in terms of CO 2-eq (Rieley et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root oxygen loss from Raphia taedigera palms mediates greenhouse gas emissions in lowland neotropical peatlands

et al. 2016

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Aims Little is known about the influence of vegetation on the timing and quantities of greenhouse gas fluxes from lowland Neotropical peatlands to the atmosphere. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated if palm forests moderate greenhouse gas fluxes from tropical peatlands due to radial oxygen loss from roots into the peat matrix. Methods We compared the diurnal pattern of greenhouse gas fluxes from peat monoliths with and without seedlings of Raphia taedigera palm, and monitored the effect of land use change on greenhouse gas fluxes from R. taedigera palm swamps in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Results CH 4 fluxes from peat monoliths with R. taedigera seedlings varied diurnally, with the greatest emissions during daytime. Radial oxygen loss from the roots of R. taedigera seedlings partially supressed CH 4 emissions at midday; this suppression increased as seedlings grew. On a larger scale, removal of R. taedigera palms for agriculture increased CH 4 and N 2 O fluxes, but decreased CO 2 fluxes when compared to nearby intact palm forest. The net impact of forest clearance was a doubling of the radiative forcing. Conclusions R. taedigera palm forest influences the emission of greenhouse gases from lowland tropical peatlands through radial oxygen loss into the rhizosphere.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root oxygen loss from Raphia taedigera palms mediates greenhouse gas emissions in lowland neotropical peatlands

et al. 2016

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“…Their soil waters are reduced and rich in dissolved carbon, metals and nutrients [2,3]. Peat lands buffer natural floods as well as metaland nutrient-fluxes to the oceans [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Icelandic soils are reported to contain up to 8 wt. % ferrihydrite (Fe 10 O 14 (OH) 2 ), typically estimated with ammonium oxalate extraction methods [6], whereas other thermodynamically more stable secondary iron phases are absent [7]. However, most of the Icelandic rivers are of drinking water quality; the concentrations of toxic metals are in most cases below the drinking water quality guidelines published by the World Health Organization [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of iron minerals in Icelandic peat areas and transport of heavy metals and nutrients across oxidation and salinity gradients – a modelling approach

Linke

Gíslason

2018

Energy Procedia

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District heating networks are commonly addressed in the literature as one of the most effective solutions for decreasing the greenhouse gas emissions from the building sector. These systems require high investments which are returned through the heat sales. Due to the changed climate conditions and building renovation policies, heat demand in the future could decrease, prolonging the investment return period. The main scope of this paper is to assess the feasibility of using the heat demand -outdoor temperature function for heat demand forecast. The district of Alvalade, located in Lisbon (Portugal), was used as a case study. The district is consisted of 665 buildings that vary in both construction period and typology. Three weather scenarios (low, medium, high) and three district renovation scenarios were developed (shallow, intermediate, deep). To estimate the error, obtained heat demand values were compared with results from a dynamic heat demand model, previously developed and validated by the authors. The results showed that when only weather change is considered, the margin of error could be acceptable for some applications (the error in annual demand was lower than 20% for all weather scenarios considered). However, after introducing renovation scenarios, the error value increased up to 59.5% (depending on the weather and renovation scenarios combination considered). The value of slope coefficient increased on average within the range of 3.8% up to 8% per decade, that corresponds to the decrease in the number of heating hours of 22-139h during the heating season (depending on the combination of weather and renovation scenarios considered). On the other hand, function intercept increased for 7.8-12.7% per decade (depending on the coupled scenarios). The values suggested could be used to modify the function parameters for the scenarios considered, and improve the accuracy of heat demand estimations. AbstractThe storage of carbon, metals and nutrients in peat lands at high latitude is sensitive to climate-and land usage changes. This work shows that the thermodynamically most stable iron phases in Icelandic peat areas, like hematite or magnetite do not form, but rather the metastable ferrihydrite, which forms in abundance. Model calculations suggest that this ferrihydrite is able to adsorb high concentrations of natural derived heavy metals (Pb, As, Cr, Cu) and nutrients (P). If this ferrihydrite comes in contact with the oceans, these elements will be released through ferrihydrite-seawater interaction. This process may have significant effects to the chemistry of the near shore environments if ferrihydrite transport to the oceans increase due to future increased flooding and sea level rise.

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“…Draining of organic soils enhances aerobic decomposition and thus the mobilization of their C and N stores (e.g., Post et al, 1985;Kasimir-Klemedtsson et al, 1997;Ernfors et al, 2008;Petrescu et al, 2015;Abdalla et al, 2016;Pärn et al, 2018). Forestry is an extensive land-use type on peatlands in northern Europe, especially in the Nordic and Baltic countries (e.g., Barthelmes et al 2015). The drained organic forest soils of this region may act as significant sources of GHGs (Barthelmes et al 2015), and their annual carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) 65 emissions and removals have to be reported in the national GHG inventories.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Forestry is an extensive land-use type on peatlands in northern Europe, especially in the Nordic and Baltic countries (e.g., Barthelmes et al 2015). The drained organic forest soils of this region may act as significant sources of GHGs (Barthelmes et al 2015), and their annual carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) 65 emissions and removals have to be reported in the national GHG inventories.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviews and syntheses: Greenhouse gas exchange data from drained organic forest soils – a review of current approaches and recommendations for future research

Jauhiainen¹,

Alm²,

Bjarnadóttir³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. Drained organic forest soils in boreal and temperate climate zones are believed to be significant sources of the greenhouse gases (GHG) carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), but the annual fluxes are still highly uncertain. Drained organic soils exemplify systems where many studies are still carried out with relatively small resources, several methodologies and manually operated systems, which further involve different options for the detailed design of the measurement and data analysis protocols for deriving the annual flux. It would be beneficial to set certain guidelines for how to measure and report the data, so that data from individual studies could also be used in synthesis work based on data collation and modelling. Such synthesis work is necessary for deciphering general patterns and trends related to, e.g., site types, climate, and management, and the development of corresponding emission factors, i.e., estimates of the net annual soil GHG emission/removal, which can be used in GHG inventories. Development of specific emission factors also sets prerequisites for the background or environmental data to be reported in individual studies. We argue that wide applicability greatly increases the value of individual studies. An overall objective of this paper is to support future monitoring campaigns in obtaining high-value data. We analysed peer-reviewed publications presenting CO2, CH4 and N2O flux data for drained organic forest soils in boreal and temperate climate zones, focusing on data that have been used, or have the potential to be used, for estimating net annual soil GHG emission/removals. We evaluated the methods used in data collection, and identified major gaps in background/environmental data. Based on these, we formulated recommendations for future research.

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Peatlands and Climate in a Ramsar context

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Root oxygen loss from Raphia taedigera palms mediates greenhouse gas emissions in lowland neotropical peatlands

Root oxygen loss from Raphia taedigera palms mediates greenhouse gas emissions in lowland neotropical peatlands

Stability of iron minerals in Icelandic peat areas and transport of heavy metals and nutrients across oxidation and salinity gradients – a modelling approach

Reviews and syntheses: Greenhouse gas exchange data from drained organic forest soils – a review of current approaches and recommendations for future research

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