Peatland dynamics: A review of process-based models and approaches

Mozafari, Behzad; Bruen, Michael; Donohue, Shane; Renou‐Wilson, Florence; O’Loughlin, Fiachra

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162890

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…Modelling peatland dynamics may require specialized approaches to accurately capture peatlandspecific processes (Mozafari et al 2023). Part of the uncertainty in the GHG results arises from the simplicity of the models as some parameters were general values from published studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minor effects of no-till treatment on GHG emissions of boreal cultivated peat soil

Honkanen,

Kekkonen,

Heikkinen

et al. 2023

Biogeochemistry

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The greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of spring cereal monoculture under long-term conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) treatment established in 2018 were measured in a peatland in Southwestern Finland during the period 2018–2021. Nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes were measured with chambers approximately every two weeks throughout the period under study. Net ecosystem exchange was measured during the growing seasons, and hourly ecosystem respiration (ER) and gross photosynthesis (GP) were modelled with empirical models. Across the whole period, annual emissions were 6.8 ± 1.2 and 5.7 ± 1.2 Mg CO2–C ha −1 yr−1 (net ecosystem carbon balance), 8.8 ± 2.0 and 7.1 ± 2.0 kg N2O–N ha−1 yr−1, and − 0.43 ± 0.31 and − 0.40 ± 0.31 kg CH4-C ha−1 yr−1 for CT and NT, respectively. The global warming potential was lower in NT (p = 0.045), and it ranged from 26 to 34 Mg CO2 eq. ha−1 yr−1 in CT and from 19 to 31 Mg CO2 eq. ha−1 yr−1 in NT. The management effect on the rates of single GHGs was not consistent over the years. Higher GP was found in CT in 2019 and in NT in 2020. Differences in ER between treatments occurred mostly outside the growing season, especially after ploughing, but the annual rates did not differ statistically. NT reduced the N2O emissions by 31% compared to CT in 2020 (p = 0.044) while there were no differences between the treatments in other years. The results indicate that NT may have potential to reduce slightly CO2 and N2O emissions from cultivated peat soil, but the results originate from the first three years after a management change from CT to NT, and there is still a lack of long-term results on NT on cultivated peat soils.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minor effects of no-till treatment on GHG emissions of boreal cultivated peat soil

Honkanen,

Kekkonen,

Heikkinen

et al. 2023

Biogeochemistry

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“…The findings from our study could be used to evaluate and eventually constrain the water‐related stress function in peatland‐specific models (Mozafari et al., 2023). For instance, analyzing the output from peatland models with the proposed WTD stress model, as we did here with observations, could serve as a first insight into how well peatland models represent the characteristics of the observed stress response over peatlands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Drought and Waterlogging Stress Regimes in Northern Peatlands Detected Through Satellite Retrieved Solar‐Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence

Valkenborg,

De Lannoy,

Gruber

et al. 2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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The water table depth (WTD) in peatlands determines the soil carbon decomposition rate and influences vegetation growth, hence the above‐ground carbon assimilation. Here, we used satellite‐observed Solar‐Induced chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) as a proxy of Gross Primary Production (GPP) to investigate water‐related vegetation stress over northern peatlands. A linear model with interaction effects was used to relate short‐ and long‐term anomalies in SIF with WTD anomalies and the absolute WTD. Most locations showed the occurrence of drought and waterlogging stress though regions with exclusively waterlogging or drought stress were also detected. As a spatial median, minimal water‐related vegetation stress was found for a WTD of −0.22 m (short‐term) and −0.20 m (long‐term) (±0.01 m, 95% confidence interval of statistical uncertainty). The stress response observed with SIF is supported by an analysis of in situ GPP data. Our findings provide insight into how changes in WTD of northern peatlands could affect GPP under climate change.

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“…Active development of new ML models is occurring with increased specificity, as well, such as one developed by Horton et al (2022) to describe the distribution of fires in tropical peatlands for testing the potential impact of management and restoration scenarios. Recent efforts have been made to identify available models for peatland dynamics in a review by Mozafari et al (2023), though the review made little explicit reference to peatland restoration. Additionally, a scientometric review was completed by Apori et al (2022) to identify papers that examine the restoration of degraded peatland in the current body of literature, but neglects a focus on modelling.…”

Section: [Ms1][ms2]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modellers may be required to understand how and when habitats will change, how much new peat may accumulate long-term, and the subsequent C cycle implications of such evolutions, which is difficult to find in any single modelling exercise in literature to date. There are very few state-of-the-art, process-based, ecohydrological models available to date which have been employed in a peatland restoration application (Mozafari et al, 2023). The potential application of existing models to peatland restoration (considering more than single-state scenarios) has, to date, not been explored systematically.…”

Section: Knowledge Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviews and Syntheses: Evaluating the Potential Application of Ecohydrological Models for Northern Peatland Restoration: A Scoping Review

Silva,

Healy,

Gill

2023

Preprint

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Abstract. Peatland restoration and rehabilitation action has become more widely acknowledged as a necessary response to mitigating climate change risks and improving global carbon storage. Peatland ecosystems require restoration timespans on the order of decades and thus cannot be dependent upon the shorter-term monitoring often carried out in research projects. Hydrological assessments using geospatial tools provide the basis for planning restoration works as well as analysing associated environmental influences. “Restoration” encompasses applications to pre- and post-restoration scenarios for both bogs and fens, across a range of environmental impact fields. The aim of this scoping review is to identify, describe, and categorise current process-based modelling uses in peatlands in order to investigate the applicability and appropriateness of eco- and/or hydrological models for northern peatland restoration. Two literature searches were conducted using the Web of Science entire database in September 2022 and August 2023. Of the final 211 papers included in the review, models and their applications were categorised according to this review’s research interests in 7 distinct categories aggregating the papers’ research themes and model outputs. Restoration site context was added by identifying 234 unique study site locations from the full database which were catalogued and analysed against raster data for the Köppen-Geiger climate classification scheme. A majority of northern peatland sites were in temperate oceanic zones or humid continental zones experiencing snow. Over one in five models from the full database of papers was unnamed and likely single-use. The top three most-used of these models, based on the frequency of their use on distinct site locations, were LPJ, ecosys, and DigiBog, in that order. Key themes emerging from topics covered by papers in the database included: modelling restoration development from a bog growth perspective; the prioritisation of modelling GHG emissions dynamics as a part of policymaking; the importance of spatial connectivity within or alongside process-based models to represent heterogeneous systems; and the emerging prevalence of remote sensing and machine learning techniques to predict restoration progress with little physical site intervention. This review provides valuable context for the application of ecohydrological models in determining strategies for peatland restoration and evaluating post-intervention development over time.

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Peatland dynamics: A review of process-based models and approaches

Cited by 8 publications

References 158 publications

Minor effects of no-till treatment on GHG emissions of boreal cultivated peat soil

Minor effects of no-till treatment on GHG emissions of boreal cultivated peat soil

Drought and Waterlogging Stress Regimes in Northern Peatlands Detected Through Satellite Retrieved Solar‐Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence

Reviews and Syntheses: Evaluating the Potential Application of Ecohydrological Models for Northern Peatland Restoration: A Scoping Review

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