Peatland Classification

Lindsay, Richard

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6172-8_341-1

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…A continuously saturated, circumneutral, persistent emergent wetland dominated by sedges with minor aspen and willow, which we will hereafter refer to as the "bog" (classification based on Cowardin et al, 1979), is present along the stream in the middle portions of the catchment. This classification does not distinguish between surface and groundwater sources of flow to the wetland as in some classification systems (e.g., Lindsay, 2018). Some growth of macrophytes was observed in the perennial channel during summer low flow.…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Water Flowpaths Controls Dissolved Organic Carbon Sourcing in a Snow-Dominated, Headwater Catchment

et al. 2019

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Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Water Flowpaths Controls Dissolved Organic Carbon Sourcing in a Snow-Dominated, Headwater Catchment

et al. 2019

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“…When the ecosystem is fed largely by rainwater, the ombrotrophic, strongly acidic, bog ecosystems ( Figure 1S) develop [339][340][341]. They are dominated by specialised Sphagnum mosses ( Figure 2S), dwarf ericoid shrubs, and sometimes coniferous trees.…”

Section: Mires (Peatlands): Fens and Bogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics, Main Impacts, and Stewardship of Natural and Artificial Freshwater Environments: Consequences for Biodiversity Conservation

Cantonati

Poikāne

Pringle

et al. 2020

Water

172

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In this overview (introductory article to a special issue including 14 papers), we consider all main types of natural and artificial inland freshwater habitas (fwh). For each type, we identify the main biodiversity patterns and ecological features, human impacts on the system and environmental issues, and discuss ways to use this information to improve stewardship. Examples of selected key biodiversity/ecological features (habitat type): narrow endemics, sensitive (groundwater and GDEs); crenobionts, LIHRes (springs); unidirectional flow, nutrient spiraling (streams); naturally turbid, floodplains, large-bodied species (large rivers); depth-variation in benthic communities (lakes); endemism and diversity (ancient lakes); threatened, sensitive species (oxbow lakes, SWE); diverse, reduced littoral (reservoirs); cold-adapted species (Boreal and Arctic fwh); endemism, depauperate (Antarctic fwh); flood pulse, intermittent wetlands, biggest river basins (tropical fwh); variable hydrologic regime—periods of drying, flash floods (arid-climate fwh). Selected impacts: eutrophication and other pollution, hydrologic modifications, overexploitation, habitat destruction, invasive species, salinization. Climate change is a threat multiplier, and it is important to quantify resistance, resilience, and recovery to assess the strategic role of the different types of freshwater ecosystems and their value for biodiversity conservation. Effective conservation solutions are dependent on an understanding of connectivity between different freshwater ecosystems (including related terrestrial, coastal and marine systems).

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“…Twenty‐two study sites (Table ), each cover by two to six ISBAS pixels, were selected in the Flow Country, northern Scotland (centered on 58.371478°N, 3.658447°W—Figure a), the largest blanket bog in Europe, to cover a spectrum of peatland conditions. For the purpose of the study, a site is defined as a collection of InSAR pixels found within a peatland forming a mesotope (as defined by Lindsay, ). The sites are widely dispersed over a 1,200‐km 2 area, range in altitudes from 100 to 400 m above sea level and have varied hydrological setting and management histories.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Surface Motion Characteristics Determined by InSAR to Assess Peatland Condition

et al. 2020

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Peatland surface motion is a key property of peatland that relates to condition. However, field-based techniques to measure surface motion are not cost-effective over large areas and long time periods. An alternative method that can quantify peatland surface motion over large areas is interferometric synthetic aperture radar. Although field validation of the accuracy of this method is difficult, the value of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) as a means of quantifying peat condition can be tested. To achieve this, the characteristics of InSAR time series measured over an18-month period at 22 peatland sites in the Flow Country northern Scotland were compared to site condition assessment based on plant functional type and site management history. Sites in good condition dominated by Sphagnum display long-term stability or growth and a seasonal cycle with maximum uplift and subsidence in August-November and April-June, respectively. Drier and partially drained sites dominated by shrubs display long-term subsidence with maximum uplift and subsidence in July-October and February-June, respectively. Heavily degraded sites with large bare peat extent display subsidence with no distinct seasonal oscillations. Seasonal oscillation in surface motion at sites with a dominant nonvascular plant community is interpreted as resulting from changes in seasonal evaporative demand. On sites with extensive vascular plants cover and falling water table, surface oscillations are interpreted as representing sustained drawdown during the growing season and subsequent recharge in late winter. This study highlights the potential to use InSAR to characterize peatland condition and provide a new view of the surface dynamics of peatland landscapes. Plain Language Summary Peatlands contain one third of all soil carbon despite covering only3% of the Earth's land area. Peatlands in good condition cool climate through carbon sequestration and provide a range of other benefits such as water regulation and support of biodiversity. All these are compromised by peatland degradation, with severe costs to society. Given the global extent and remoteness of many peatlands, tools are needed to reliably assess peatland condition and inform future management. This research assesses the potential to use remote sensing of surface motion to measure peatland condition. The surface of peatland is known to move in response to change in water or gas in the peat but is notoriously difficult to measure. Our research provides the first indication that surface motion measured by satellite radar can differentiate peatland condition categories effectively. Wet, mossy peatland in good condition displays a strong and distinctive seasonal cycle falling mid summer and rising in midwinter. Drier shrubby peatland has a completely different pattern of motion, with the surface falling in late summer and rising to a peak in late spring. This evidence opens new possibilities of using satellite radar to provide a global view of peatland. With further development, th...

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Peatland Classification

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Water Flowpaths Controls Dissolved Organic Carbon Sourcing in a Snow-Dominated, Headwater Catchment

Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Water Flowpaths Controls Dissolved Organic Carbon Sourcing in a Snow-Dominated, Headwater Catchment

Characteristics, Main Impacts, and Stewardship of Natural and Artificial Freshwater Environments: Consequences for Biodiversity Conservation

Use of Surface Motion Characteristics Determined by InSAR to Assess Peatland Condition

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