Peatland Classification

Lindsay, Richard

doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9659-3_341

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…With changing low-to high-latitude temperature gradients, the ITCZ shifted and with it the high precipitation zones in the tropics (McGee et al, 2014;Shi and Yan, 2019;Cao et al, 2019). These climate dynamics are well captured by the transient TraCE21k simulation (Liu et al, 2009).…”

Section: -1743 Kyr Bpmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The transient LPX simulations from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), 22 kyr before present (BP), until present were run with a model resolution of 2.5 • latitude × 3.75 • longitude and were forced with CO 2 (Joos and Spahni, 2008), temperature, and precipitation fields as well as transient evolving orbital parameters influencing available photosynthetic active radiation. Temperature and precipitation anomalies are taken from the transient CCSM3 run TraCE21k (Liu et al, 2009). The TraCE21k experiment constitutes a unique climate forcing, not only because it is currently the only published transient simulation over the deglaciation using a fully coupled general circulation model (GCM) but also because the meltwater forcing in TraCE21k was chosen, using sensitivity experiments, to best reproduce the abrupt climate events such as the Bølling-Allerød (BA) and the Younger Dryas (YD) (He, 2011).…”

Section: Simulation Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global peatland area and carbon dynamics from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present – a process-based model investigation

Müller

Joos

2020

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Peatlands are an essential part of the terrestrial carbon cycle and the climate system. Understanding their history is key to understanding future and past land–atmosphere carbon fluxes. We performed transient simulations over the last 22 000 years with a dynamic global peat and vegetation model forced by Earth system model climate output, thereby complementing data-based reconstructions for peatlands. Our novel results demonstrate a highly dynamic evolution with concomitant gains and losses of active peatland areas. Modeled gross area changes exceed net changes several fold, while net peat area increases by 60 % over the deglaciation. Peatlands expand to higher northern latitudes in response to warmer and wetter conditions and retreating ice sheets, and they are partly lost in midlatitude regions. In the tropics, peatlands are partly lost due to the flooding of continental shelves and are regained through nonlinear responses to the combined changes in temperature, precipitation, and CO2. Large north–south shifts of tropical peatlands are driven by shifts in the position of the intertropical convergence zone associated with the abrupt climate events of the glacial termination. Time slice simulations for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) demonstrate large uncertainties in modeled peatland extent (global range from 1.5 to 3.4 Mkm2, million square kilometers) stemming from uncertainties in climate forcing. The net uptake of atmospheric CO2 by peatlands, modeled at 351 GtC since the LGM, considers decay from former peatlands. Carbon uptake would be misestimated, in particular during periods of rapid climate change and subsequent shifts in peatland distribution, when considering only changes in the area of currently active peatlands. Our study highlights the dynamic nature of peatland distribution and calls for an improved understanding of former peatlands to better constrain peat carbon sources and sinks.

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Section: -1743 Kyr Bpmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Simulation Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global peatland area and carbon dynamics from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present – a process-based model investigation

Müller

Joos

2020

Biogeosciences

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“…The LGM simulation was run with a model resolution of 2.5 • latitude × 3.75 • longitude and was forced with CO 2 (Joos and Spahni, 2008) and temperature and precipitation fields. Temperature and precip-itation anomalies were taken from the transient CCSM3 run TraCE21k (Liu et al, 2009). The TraCE21k anomalies were imposed on the CRU TS 3.1 (Mitchell and Jones, 2005) base climate from 1960 to 1990.…”

Section: Simulation Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Committed and projected future changes in global peatlands – continued transient model simulations since the Last Glacial Maximum

Müller

Joos

2021

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Peatlands are diverse wetland ecosystems distributed mostly over the northern latitudes and tropics. Globally they store a large portion of the global soil organic carbon and provide important ecosystem services. The future of these systems under continued anthropogenic warming and direct human disturbance has potentially large impacts on atmospheric CO2 and climate. We performed global long-term projections of peatland area and carbon over the next 5000 years using a dynamic global vegetation model forced with climate anomalies from 10 models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and three standard future scenarios. These projections are seamlessly continued from a transient simulation from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present to account for the full transient history and are continued beyond 2100 with constant boundary conditions. Our results suggest short to long-term net losses of global peatland area and carbon, with higher losses under higher-emission scenarios. Large parts of today's active northern peatlands are at risk, whereas peatlands in the tropics and, in case of mitigation, eastern Asia and western North America can increase their area and carbon stocks. Factorial simulations reveal committed historical changes and future rising temperature as the main driver of future peatland loss and increasing precipitations as the driver for regional peatland expansion. Additional simulations forced with climate anomalies from a subset of climate models which follow the extended CMIP6 scenarios, transient until 2300, show qualitatively similar results to the standard scenarios but highlight the importance of extended transient future scenarios for long-term carbon cycle projections. The spread between simulations forced with different climate model anomalies suggests a large uncertainty in projected peatland changes due to uncertain climate forcing. Our study highlights the importance of quantifying the future peatland feedback to the climate system and its inclusion into future earth system model projections.

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“…The main attributes used in definition of wetland and peatland classification and typology and include floristic, physiognomy, morphology, hydrology, stratigraphic, peat chemistry, and physical properties. In these terms, wetlands have been defined based on vegetation, chemistry, source of water, hydro morphology (Lindsay, 2018).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Peatland Hydrological Models

Cīrulis

Jansons

Java

et al. 2022

Rural Development 2019

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Peatlands have a vital role in carbon sequestration and mitigation of global climate change. Peatlands in the boreal and sub-arctic regions store around 15-30% of global soil carbon. In the European Union the move towards the climate neutrality policy includes activities specifically aimed at the reduction of negative greenhouse gas emissions from peatlands through nature conservation and renewal. In Latvia the total area of peatlands is 645 100 ha. Due to industrial peat extraction and other processes a considerable proportion of peatlands in Latvia are degraded, thus leaving negative impact on both the local wildlife environment and on the global effort to tame the climate change. Areas in Latvia where peat extraction has ended or has been suspended without revitalisation activities in place amount to 18 010 ha. Given the conditions the restoration of degraded peatland environments is important and most often take place in the raised bogs calling for evidence-based decision making through deployment of hydrological models that are applicable for restoration of raised bogs in conditions of Latvia. The analysis of available hydrological models indicate that mathematical deterministic physically based models are applicable for the restoration activities of peatlands. The raised bog model deployed in Männikjärve bog holds the potential to be integrated within a virtual reality environment after further improvements, thus potentially improving decision and environmental policy making process for raised bog area restoration activities. Further work on tailored model for bog restoration considering the data acquisition challenges with input data fed through remote sensing capabilities is proposed.

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Peatland Classification

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

Global peatland area and carbon dynamics from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present – a process-based model investigation

Global peatland area and carbon dynamics from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present – a process-based model investigation

Committed and projected future changes in global peatlands – continued transient model simulations since the Last Glacial Maximum

Comparison of Peatland Hydrological Models

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