Peatland biodiversity and climate change

Minayeva, Tatiana; Sirin, Andrey

doi:10.1134/s207908641202003x

Cited by 43 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Temperature and precip-itation anomalies were taken from the transient CCSM3 run TraCE21k (Liu et al, 2009). The TraCE21k anomalies were imposed on the CRU TS 3.1 (Mitchell and Jones, 2005) base climate from 1960 to 1990. Interannual variability thus came from TraCE21k.…”

Section: Simulation Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Committed and projected future changes in global peatlands – continued transient model simulations since the Last Glacial Maximum

Müller

Joos

2021

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Peatlands are diverse wetland ecosystems distributed mostly over the northern latitudes and tropics. Globally they store a large portion of the global soil organic carbon and provide important ecosystem services. The future of these systems under continued anthropogenic warming and direct human disturbance has potentially large impacts on atmospheric CO2 and climate. We performed global long-term projections of peatland area and carbon over the next 5000 years using a dynamic global vegetation model forced with climate anomalies from 10 models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and three standard future scenarios. These projections are seamlessly continued from a transient simulation from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present to account for the full transient history and are continued beyond 2100 with constant boundary conditions. Our results suggest short to long-term net losses of global peatland area and carbon, with higher losses under higher-emission scenarios. Large parts of today's active northern peatlands are at risk, whereas peatlands in the tropics and, in case of mitigation, eastern Asia and western North America can increase their area and carbon stocks. Factorial simulations reveal committed historical changes and future rising temperature as the main driver of future peatland loss and increasing precipitations as the driver for regional peatland expansion. Additional simulations forced with climate anomalies from a subset of climate models which follow the extended CMIP6 scenarios, transient until 2300, show qualitatively similar results to the standard scenarios but highlight the importance of extended transient future scenarios for long-term carbon cycle projections. The spread between simulations forced with different climate model anomalies suggests a large uncertainty in projected peatland changes due to uncertain climate forcing. Our study highlights the importance of quantifying the future peatland feedback to the climate system and its inclusion into future earth system model projections.

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Section: Simulation Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Committed and projected future changes in global peatlands – continued transient model simulations since the Last Glacial Maximum

Müller

Joos

2021

Biogeosciences

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“…The results from this study show that depletion of SOCc in lowland peatlands in the temperate climate zone (due to human activity and changeable weather conditions) will proceed unless we implement sustainable management practices or apply restoration plans at these sites, which correspond to the concept of wise use of peatlands at global, national and local scales (Clarke & Rieley, ). As reported by Renou‐Wilson et al () rewetting has the potential to restore natural ecosystem services, among which biodiversity (Minayeva & Sirin, ) and C sequestration and storage (Renou‐Wilson et al, ) are of major importance. Thus, sustainable management in conjunction with restoration/rewetting could contribute to an increase in C sequestration, which is of particular importance in climate change mitigation (Chimner et al, ; Leifeld & Menichetti, ) and adaptation (Renou‐Wilson et al, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Recent changes in soil properties and carbon stocks in fen peatlands adjacent to open‐pit lignite mines

et al. 2019

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The simultaneous impact of climate change and human activities on soil organic carbon content (SOC) in peatlands is insufficiently recognized, especially in relation to peatlands affected by open‐pit lignite mining. Given their importance in climate change feedback loops, long‐term observations of SOC changes in peatlands are essential. The aim of the study was to determine recent changes in the properties and SOC content/stock of agro‐managed fen peatlands located adjacent to open‐pit lignite mines. We studied two soil layers (0–20 and 20–40 cm) within 12 sampling plots in the Grójec Valley (Central Poland). Soil sample collection and field measurements took place in 2005 and again in 2015. The largest negative changes in soil properties (e.g. SOC content drop from 208 to 318 g kg−1 in 2005 to 125–263 g kg−1 in 2015 and SOC stock decrease from 12.1–16.2 kg m−2 in 2005 to 9.22–14.5 kg m−2 in 2015), as well as the largest variability of watertable level were recorded in the northern part of the study area, affected by long‐term lignite mining (1982–2009). While such a strong changes were not observed in the plots from central and southern part of the valley (230–439 g kg−1 in 2005 and 228–396 g kg−1 in 2015; 11.5–29,2 kg m−2 in 2005 and 13.4–36.1 kg m−2, respectively). Our results showed that depletion of SOC content in lowland peatlands in the temperate climate zone (due to human activity and changeable weather conditions) will proceed unless we implement sustainable management practices or apply restoration plans at these sites.

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“…The spatial structure of mire landscapes as well as species composition and quantitative characteristics of the vegetation cover have changed considerably, even within a few decades (Bogdanovskaya-Gienef, 1969;Johansson et al, 2006), under the influence of natural and human-induced processes. Changes in the structural peatland characteristics, such as the area and canopy density of forested tracts, surface slope, and microtopography, also lead to changes in their functional characteristics, namely rewetting or drainage, increased rates of peat accumulation or mineralisation in some parts of the peatland (Minayeva & Sirin, 2012), and, accordingly, associated biogeochemical processes (McPartland et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of carbon dioxide fluxes on a ridge-hollow bog complex using a high resolution orthophotoplan

Ivanov

Kotlov

Minayeva

et al. 2021

Nature Conservation Research

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The use of unmanned aerial vehicles for detailed mapping of ecosystems has become increasingly important in recent years. As one of the main terrestrial carbon reserves, peatland ecosystems are of the great interest in obtaining highly detailed orthophotoplans. At the same time, there is a lack of publications devoted to the total carbon dioxide fluxes in each type of bog microforms. This paper presents the results of our study, which aimed to develop methods for mapping peatland microlandscapes and for estimation of integral carbon dioxide fluxes between the peatland surface and the atmosphere. Based on a highly detailed orthophotoplan compiled using unmanned aerial vehicles, we assessed the areas of major microform groups (swamps, hollows, and ridges) in a bog located in the Central Forest State Nature Biosphere Reserve (European Russia). The classification accuracy ranged from 79% to 93%. The areas of ridges, hollows, and swamps were 0.16 km 2 , 0.32 km 2 , and 0.12 km 2 , respectively. To make an integral estimation of carbon dioxide fluxes, we used earlier data on carbon dioxide emissions (ecosystem respiration), uptake (gross ecosystem exchange), and balance (net ecosystem exchange) measured by soil chamber method on representative experimental plots of respective microform types. After recalculating fluxes to areas of microforms, the integral values for different classes in the summer seasons of 2014, 2016 and 2017 were 15-91 kg CO 2 × h-1 for ecosystem respiration, 21-190 kg CO 2 × h-1 for gross ecosystem exchange, and from-122 kg CO 2 × h-1 to 41 kg CO 2 × h-1 for net ecosystem exchange. The results of the study confirmed that highly detailed orthophotoplans, obtained with the use of unmanned aerial vehicles, make it possible to distinguish the boundaries of such bog microforms as swamps, hollows and ridges with a high accuracy, despite the presence of some errors in the classification. The study of the structural and functional organisation of the bog should be carried out with considering its seasonal and interannual dynamics as well as all microform types.

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Peatland biodiversity and climate change

Cited by 43 publications

References 17 publications

Committed and projected future changes in global peatlands – continued transient model simulations since the Last Glacial Maximum

Committed and projected future changes in global peatlands – continued transient model simulations since the Last Glacial Maximum

Recent changes in soil properties and carbon stocks in fen peatlands adjacent to open‐pit lignite mines

Estimation of carbon dioxide fluxes on a ridge-hollow bog complex using a high resolution orthophotoplan

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