Peat bank growth, Holocene palaeoecology and climate history of South Georgia (sub-Antarctica), based on a botanical macrofossil record

Putten, Nathalie Van der; Verbruggen, Cyriel; Ochyra, Ryszard; Spassov, Simo; Beaulieu, J.-L. de; Dapper, Morgan De; Hus, Jozef; Thouveny, Nicolas

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.09.023

Cited by 59 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The data can then be presented graphically ( Fig. 4.3; Yu et al 1996;Magyari et al 2001;van der Putten et al 2009), using Tilia (Grimm 1993) or C2 (Juggins 2007) software. When paired with information on other macrofossil and/or sedimentology data, the seed data may provide information regarding the response of a wetland system to environmental change.…”

Section: Seedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Paleoecological Perspective on Wetland Restoration

Williams

2011

Wetlands

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Paleoecological investigations of wetland sedimentary deposits offer the possibility of obtaining accurate reconstructions of base line conditions in the past. Plant remains, such as leaves, seeds, fruits, wood, and pollen, provide a window of variable temporal and spatial resolution into past environmental conditions at a particular site. These archives of physical and biological wetland ecosystem characteristics, if preserved, may be exploited to reconstruct the plant community at a single point in time. Moreover, changes in past plant community composition, hydrology, and the dynamics of wetland ecosystems through time may be better understood. This paper reviews the range of paleoecological information archived in wetland sedimentary deposits that may be understood in the restoration science context. This type of information gleaned by applying paleoecological techniques should provide reasonable targets for restoration ecologists working to improve the quality and quantity of ecosystem functions and services in wetlands.Undisturbed wetlands, by virtue of their position on the landscape and the specific properties of the plants that populate these ecosystems, archive proxies of past environmental information within their soils and sediments. In temperate North America the geomorphic settings for wetlands typically vary from locale to locale, including depressional, riverine or floodplain, and lacustrine, among others. Yet all wetlands share a common attribute; the inundation of soil by water at a duration or frequency that is sufficient to exclude flora and fauna intolerant of such conditions. Although this ecosystem trait provides wetland scientists a means to mechanistically define a wetland, from a paleoecological standpoint there is a more important consequence of hydric soil conditions; plant and animal remains are often preserved in the wet, oxygen-deficient soils. Moreover, most wetlands are depositional environments; places where sediment accumulation exceeds erosion, thereby providing B. A. LePage (ed.), Wetlands,

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Section: Seedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Paleoecological Perspective on Wetland Restoration

Williams

2011

Wetlands

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“…Onshore and terrestrial data suggests that present day shelf habitats in northern coastal areas around Cumberland Bay became ice-free c. 11,000 years ago, with a few protected areas located within glacial troughs becoming ice-free as early as c. 17,000 years ago [83]. Significant disturbance of outer and inner shelf habitats is, therefore, unlikely during the last c. 11,000 years because glacier activity on the northern coast has been restricted to fjords and inland coastal and mountain areas since the Early Holocene climate optimum (11,000-9500 years ago) [74], [76], [78], [80], [83]–[86].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antarctic Crabs: Invasion or Endurance?

Griffiths

Whittle

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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Recent scientific interest following the “discovery” of lithodid crabs around Antarctica has centred on a hypothesis that these crabs might be poised to invade the Antarctic shelf if the recent warming trend continues, potentially decimating its native fauna. This “invasion hypothesis” suggests that decapod crabs were driven out of Antarctica 40–15 million years ago and are only now returning as “warm” enough habitats become available. The hypothesis is based on a geographically and spatially poor fossil record of a different group of crabs (Brachyura), and examination of relatively few Recent lithodid samples from the Antarctic slope. In this paper, we examine the existing lithodid fossil record and present the distribution and biogeographic patterns derived from over 16,000 records of Recent Southern Hemisphere crabs and lobsters. Globally, the lithodid fossil record consists of only two known specimens, neither of which comes from the Antarctic. Recent records show that 22 species of crabs and lobsters have been reported from the Southern Ocean, with 12 species found south of 60°S. All are restricted to waters warmer than 0°C, with their Antarctic distribution limited to the areas of seafloor dominated by Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW). Currently, CDW extends further and shallower onto the West Antarctic shelf than the known distribution ranges of most lithodid species examined. Geological evidence suggests that West Antarctic shelf could have been available for colonisation during the last 9,000 years. Distribution patterns, species richness, and levels of endemism all suggest that, rather than becoming extinct and recently re-invading from outside Antarctica, the lithodid crabs have likely persisted, and even radiated, on or near to Antarctic slope. We conclude there is no evidence for a modern-day “crab invasion”. We recommend a repeated targeted lithodid sampling program along the West Antarctic shelf to fully test the validity of the “invasion hypothesis”.

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“…Se divide completamente el testigo en submuestras representativas de cada nivel (para el caso aquí presentado, cada 2,5 cm) y se colocan las submuestras en bolsas herméticas con los rótulos correspondientes; se almacenan en frío hasta volver a utilizarse. Posteriormente se obtiene, de cada submuestra a estudiar, una porción de la misma equivalente a un volumen de 5 cm 3 (Van der Putten et al, 2009;De Vleeschouwer et al, 2010;Mauquoy et al, 2010), extrayéndose con pinzas o cuchillo, y se coloca en un recipiente gradado plástico de 5 cm 3 (Fig. 1, C).…”

Section: Procesamiento De Las Submuestrasunclassified

Propuesta metodológica para el estudio de macrorrestos de briofitas en turberas.

Savoretti¹,

Fernández²,

Iglesias³

et al. 2017

Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot.

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Summary:Methodological contributions for the analysis of bryophyte macroremains in peatlands. This contribution describes in detail the methods used in the processing of samples collected in peats for paleobryofloristic studies based on Quaternary plant macrorests. The sample processing methods proposed here ensure that preserved plant remains are recovered with minimal damage, making possible quantitative assessment of different types of remains of each taxon/morphotype for comparative studies of taphonomy and for paleoecological interpretations. Digitalization of sample images is proposed to allow for easy comparisons of macrorests between aliquots, sample sections and peat samples from different regions, and for taxonomic identifications of some of the material. These methods provide for repeatability, which is necessary for comparisons between analyses of different investigators.Key words: Bryophytes, method, plant macroremains, Quaternary.Resumen: En esta contribución se dan a conocer las técnicas empleadas para el procesamiento de testigos provenientes de turberas, con el fin de abordar estudios paleobrioflorísticos sobre la base de macrorrestos del Cuaternario. El procesamiento propuesto procura que los restos preservados sean dañados en la menor medida posible y realizar un conteo de los diferentes tipos de fragmentos de cada uno de los taxones/morfotipos con el objetivo de realizar estudios comparativos de la tafonomía y con ello enriquecer las interpretaciones paleoecológicas y la comprensión del desarrollo de la turbera. Se propone adoptar la digitalización de imágenes de las muestras, permitiendo comparar de forma simple los macrorrestos entre las alícuotas, entre las secciones del testigo y entre testigos de turberas de cualquier región, e incluso poder realizar determinaciones y cuantificaciones de parte de su material. Esta metodología ofrece una repetitividad necesaria para la comparación entre análisis de diferentes investigadores.Palabras clave: Briofitas, Cuaternario, macrorrestos vegetales, metodología.

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Peat bank growth, Holocene palaeoecology and climate history of South Georgia (sub-Antarctica), based on a botanical macrofossil record

Cited by 59 publications

References 32 publications

A Paleoecological Perspective on Wetland Restoration

A Paleoecological Perspective on Wetland Restoration

Antarctic Crabs: Invasion or Endurance?

Propuesta metodológica para el estudio de macrorrestos de briofitas en turberas.

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