Peasant Families and Population Control in Eighteenth-Century Japan

Eng, Robert Y.; Smith, Thomas C.

doi:10.2307/202664

Cited by 52 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Infanticide was often preferable to abortion as a method of birth control and family planning: it allowed for sex selection and birth order to be taken into account, and it was less dangerous to the physical well-being of the mother (Eng & Smith, 1976;Stager & Wolff, 1984). In Roman society according to Cicero, malformed infants had to be destroyed, but many healthy infants were also killed.…”

Section: Determining the Sex Of Infanticide Victims 863mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the Sex of Infanticide Victims from the Late Roman Era through Ancient DNA Analysis

Faerman

Bar‐Gal

Filon

et al. 1998

Journal of Archaeological Science

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Section: Determining the Sex Of Infanticide Victims 863mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the Sex of Infanticide Victims from the Late Roman Era through Ancient DNA Analysis

Faerman

Bar‐Gal

Filon

et al. 1998

Journal of Archaeological Science

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“…46 In addition to the above controls, we also add a control for the size of a country's total 4 3 The sources for this variable are as follows. Austria-Hungary (Encyclopedia Britannica 1911 edition), China (Orleans, 1957), France (Insee, "Le recensement de la population dans l'histoire", Italy (Encyclopedia Britannica 1911 Edition), Japan (Eng and Smith, 1976), Netherlands (Oomens and den Bakker, 1997), Ottoman Empire (Karpat, 1978), Prussia, Russia, Spain (Encylopedia Britannica 1911 Edition), Sweden (Hendricks, 1861), UK (Taylor, 1951), United States (US Bureau of the Census). We report the results using GDP per capita to measure state capacity simply because the results for the census measure were generally quite weak.…”

Section: Military Size and Mobilization -A Direct Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technology and the Era of the Mass Army

Onorato

Scheve²,

Stasavage

2014

J. Econ. Hist.

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War and the extent of mass mobilization for war has a signi…cant impact on a wide variety of economic and political development outcomes. In this paper, we investigate to what extent technological change has in ‡uenced the choice by governments to …eld mass armies. Focusing on a sample of thirteen great powers between 1600 and 2000 we argue that changes in transport and communications technology were the single most important factor that ushered in the era of the mass army and subsequently led to its demise. During the nineteenth century the development of the railroad made it possible for the …rst time to mobilize and feed armies numbering in the millions. During the late twentieth century further advances in transport and communications technology made it possible to deliver explosive force from a distance and with precision, making mass armies less desirable. We …nd strong support for our technological interpretation using a new data set that measures army size, population mobilization, and methods of recruitment from the beginning of the seventeenth century. In so doing we also consider several other plausible determinants of military mobilization. Contrary to what is often suggested by scholars, we …nd little evidence that the French Revolution and the invention of the concept of "the nation in arms" was associated with a substantial increase in levels of mobilization across nations. Even for the French case alone, the magnitude of what is sometimes referred to as the "Napoleonic watershed" was smaller than what is often believed.

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“…2 8 The sources for this variable are as follows. Austria-Hungary (Encyclopedia Britannica 1911 edition), China (Orleans, 1957), France (Insee, "Le recensement de la population dans l'histoire", Italy (Encyclopedia Britannica 1911 Edition), Japan (Eng and Smith, 1976), Netherlands (Oomens and den Bakker, 1997), Ottoman Empire (Karpat, 1978), Prussia, Russia, Spain (Encylopedia Britannica 1911 Edition), Sweden (Hendricks, 1861), UK (Taylor, 1951), United States (US Bureau of the Census). We report the results using GDP per capita to measure state capacity simply because the results for the census measure were generally quite weak.…”

Section: Column 2 Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technology and the Era of the Mass Army

2012

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We provide the …rst systematic examination of the determinants of military mobilization over the very long run. Focusing on a sample of thirteen great powers between 1600 and 2000 we argue that changes in transport and communications technology were the single most important factor in both ushering in the era of the mass army and in leading to its eventual demise. During the nineteenth century the development of the railroad made it possible for the …rst time to mobilize and feed armies numbering in the millions. During the late twentieth century further advances in transport and communications technology made it possible to deliver explosive force from a distance and with precision. This development has made mass armies less relevant. We …nd strong support for our technological interpretation using a new data set that measures army size, population mobilization, and methods of recruitment from the beginning of the seventeenth century. In so doing we also consider several other plausible determinants of military mobilization. Contrary to what is so often suggested by political scientists, we …nd little evidence that the French Revolution and the invention of the concept of "the nation in arms" was associated with a substantial increase in levels of mobilization across nations. Even for the French case alone, the magnitude of what is sometimes referred to as the "Napoleonic watershed" was smaller than what is often believed.

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Peasant Families and Population Control in Eighteenth-Century Japan

Cited by 52 publications

References 0 publications

Determining the Sex of Infanticide Victims from the Late Roman Era through Ancient DNA Analysis

Determining the Sex of Infanticide Victims from the Late Roman Era through Ancient DNA Analysis

Technology and the Era of the Mass Army

Technology and the Era of the Mass Army

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