Peanut skin procyanidins ameliorate insulin resistance via modulation of gut microbiota and gut barrier in type 2 diabetic mice

Abstract

BACKGROUND Peanut skin procyanidins (PSP) have been shown to possess antidiabetic activities. However, the mechanism remains poorly understood due to its low bioavailability. This study aims to investigate the preventive effect of PSP on type 2 diabetes (T2D) in mice through regulating gut microbiota and gut barrier in mice with streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced T2D. During the 30 consecutive days of the study, T2D mice were administered PSP intragastrically at 75, 150 and 300 mg kg−1 body weight d−1. RESULTS PSP treatment obviously alleviated glucolipid metabolism disorders, decreased the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin (IL)‐6 and myeloperoxidase(MPO), and increased that of IL‐10. PSP treatment enhanced the abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Alloprevotella, Akkermansia and Faecalibaculum, and reduced that of Muribaculaceae. Some of these were associated with the production of short‐chain fatty acids and anti‐inflammatory effect, suggesting their important roles in T2D mice. More importantly, PSP improved the gut barrier integrality by restoring gut morphology and enhancing tight junction protein expression including ZO1, claudin1 and occludin in colon. Subsequently, PSP ameliorated insulin resistance by decreasing the LPS/Toll‐like receptor 4/c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase inflammatory response, and enhancing insulin receptor substrate 1/ phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase/protein kinase B insulin signaling pathways in the liver. CONCLUSION Peanut skin procyanidins may alleviate the symptoms of T2D by mitigating inflammatory response, modulating gut microbiota and improving intestinal integrity. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Preclinical Studies of Natural Products Targeting the Gut Microbiota: Beneficial Effects on Diabetes

“…Cocoa, a rich source of flavanols, improved inflammation and glucose metabolism in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, which was associated with increased relative abundance of Blautia , Flavobacterium , Faecalibacterium , and Oscillospira as well as decreased relative abundance of Parabacteroides and Sutterella . Analogously, recent studies discovered that peanut skin procyanidins could alleviate glycolipid metabolism in T2DM mice by altering the composition of gut microbiota …”

“…99 Analogously, recent studies discovered that peanut skin procyanidins could alleviate glycolipid metabolism in T2DM mice by altering the composition of gut microbiota. 100 Of note, anthocyanins enhanced the hypoglycemic effect of metformin through multiple mechanisms, including remodeling of the gut microbiota, inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), and activation of the PI3K/AKT/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) signaling pathway. 101 In terms of the gut microbiota, combined treatment with anthocyanins and metformin increased the abundance of beneficial taxa such as Helicobacter, Ruminococcus, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium in diabetic mice.…”

Surrogate fostering of mice prevents prenatal estradiol-induced insulin resistance via modulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis

“…These changes were reversed when HE pups were fostered by NC dams. According to published studies, a drop in Alloprevotella ( Wang J. et al, 2020 ; Wu et al, 2021 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ; Zhao et al, 2021 ; Hao et al, 2022 ; Liu et al, 2022 ) and an increase in Blautia ( Zhao et al, 2021 ; Bao et al, 2022 ) and Tyzzerella ( Li et al, 2022 ) are found in animal models of in insulin resistance or glucose intolerance. On the other hand, antidiabetic medications and bioactive compounds modulate the gut microbial community of diabetic mouse model, characterized by increased Alistipes ( Hu et al, 2019 ; Jeong et al, 2021 ; Li et al, 2021 ; Wu R. et al, 2022 ) and decreased Anaerotruncus ( Yong et al, 2022 ), Oscillibacter ( Lin et al, 2022 ; Wang et al, 2022 ), Allobaculum ( Jia et al, 2017 ; Shen et al, 2021 ; Xu et al, 2021 ; Ma et al, 2022 ), Acetatifactor ( Wu Y. et al, 2022 ) and Turicibacter ( Zhao et al, 2021 ).…”

A bibliometric study of global trends in diabetes and gut flora research from 2011 to 2021

“…Their main beneficial activities lie in reducing serum glucose levels, insulin resistance and inflammation, and increasing protective glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion.Liu et al ( 21) investigated how proanthocyanidins may alter intestinal flora to improve insulin resistance in gestational diabetes, which is a crucial aspect of the research of intestinal flora in diabetes. Proanthocyanidins from peanut peels can control gut flora to reduce type 2 diabetes's insulin resistance (22). Dietary changes that alter gut flora can reduce insulin resistance (23).…”