Peanut Cultivar Response to Damage from Tobacco Thrips and Paraquat

Abstract

Virginia market-type peanut cultivars in North Carolina vary in the number of days following emergence required to reach optimum maturity, and concern over cultivar response to interactions of tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca Hinds) damage in absence of in-furrow insecticide and injury from paraquat exist with respect to cultivar selection. Experiments were conducted during 2007 and 2008 to determine if cultivars vary in response to interactions of the insecticide aldicarb (no aldicarb or aldicarb applied in the seed furrow at planting) and the herbicide paraquat (no paraquat or paraquat applied 24 to 28 d aft er peanut emergence, DAE). Th e cultivar VA 98R expressed more damage from tobacco thrips than the cultivars Gregory, Perry, or Phillips. Although vegetative growth parameters varied among cultivar, aldicarb, and paraquat treatments, pod yield and market grade characteristics were not aff ected by the interaction of experiment, cultivar, aldicarb, and paraquat or the interaction of cultivar, aldicarb, and paraquat. Damage from tobacco thrips in absence of aldicarb aff ected pod yield more than injury from paraquat. Th e combination of tobacco thrips damage in absence of aldicarb and injury from paraquat lowered pod yield compared with aldicarb-treated peanut either with or without paraquat regardless of cultivar. Th ese data suggest that recommendations on use of aldicarb for tobacco thrips control or paraquat for early season weed control should not vary based on cultivar selection when considering pod yield and market grade characteristics.Abbreviations: DAE, days aft er peanut emergence; ELK, extra large kernels; FP, farmer stock fancy pods; MP, mature pods; SMK, sound mature kernels; SS, sound splits; TSMK, total sound mature kernels.

Compatibility of Acephate with Herbicides Applied Postemergence in Peanut

“…Acephate and aldicarb were both equally effective in preventing visible damage from tobacco thrips 10 and 14 DAT (Table 4). Previous research (Drake et al, 2009;Funderburk et al, 1998) indicates that peanut damage by tobacco thrips decreases when aldicarb is applied in the seed furrow at planting or Paraquat plus bentazon Acephate, alachlor, bentazon, dimethenamid-P, paraquat and S-metolachlor applied at 1.1, 3.4, 0.28, 0.84, 0.14, and 1.1 kg/ha, respectively. Paraquat was applied with nonionic surfactant at 0.125% (v/v).…”

“…These differences most likely reflect a reduction in tobacco thrips feeding resulting in more rapid and sustained peanut growth when aldicarb was applied. Peanut yield is often higher when aldicarb is applied and tobacco thrips damage is minimized (Carley et al, 2009;Drake et al, 2009;Funderburk et al, 1998;Herbert et al, 2007). When pooled over aldicarb treatments, peanut treated with acephate took fewer days to close the canopy when paraquat was not included (Table 4).…”

“…Among different agrochemicals used in peanut, insecticides are often applied in the seed furrow at planting to control tobacco thrips and include organophosphate and carbamate groups (Brandenburg, 2011;Minton and Morgan, 1974;Riley et al, 1997). Tobacco thrips can affect peanut growth and subsequent yield in North Carolina if insecticides are not used (Carley et al, 2009;Drake et al, 2009;Herbert et al, 2007). Acephate, aldicarb, and phorate can be used to control tobacco thrips in peanut when applied in the seed furrow at planting (Brandenburg, 2011).…”

“…Bentazon applied with paraquat reduces injury caused by paraquat and in some cases can either increase or decrease weed control . Injury caused by paraquat generally does not reduce peanut yield under weed-free conditions (Blenk et al, 1991;Carley et al, 2009;Drake et al, 2009).…”

Defining Interactions of Herbicides with Other Crop Protection Products Applied to Peanut

“…Herbicides are often applied in mixtures either prior to planting (preplant incorporated in conventional tillage or preplant to emerged weeds in reduced tillage), immediately following planting (preemergence), or after peanut and weeds have emerged (postemergence) (Burke et al, 2004;Clewis et al, 2007;Richburg et al, 1995Richburg et al, 1996Wilcut et al, 1994aWilcut et al, 1994bWilcut et al, 1995. Agrochemicals with efficacy against insects and plant parasitic nematodes are often applied in the seed furrow at planting and include organophosphate and carbamate insecticides (Brecke et al, 1996;Drake et al, 2009;Funderburk et al, 1998;Minton et al, 1990;Minton and Morgan, 1974;Riley et al, 1997). In-furrow insecticides also reduce incidence of tomato spotted wilt of peanut (caused by tomato spotted wilt virus, a Tospovirus vectored by several species of thrips) (Brown et al, 2003;Hurt et al, 2003).…”