Peanut By-Products Utilization Technology

Wang, Q.; Shi, Aimin; Liu, H.; Liu, L.; Zhang, Y.; Li, N.; Gong, Kang; Yu, Mengxiao; Zheng, Longxi

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809595-9.00005-3

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Usually, SFE uses extraction temperatures between 30 and 70 • C. Also, this extraction process can be scaled up to an industrial size (Carabias-Martínez et al, 2005;Herrero et al, 2010). Although this technology involves easy operation, low production costs and high extraction efficiency, there has to be a significant investment in equipment need to be made to make the process viable (Wang et al, 2016). Despite the great diversity in extraction methods little is known regarding the impact in the biological activity.…”

Section: Supercritical Fluid Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Polyphenols as Modulators of Food Allergies. From Chemistry to Biological Implications

Bessa

Francisco

Dias

et al. 2021

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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The multifactorial process of aging predisposes humans to infections and inflammatory disorders, thus affecting their quality of life and longevity. Given this reality, the need to increase the consumption of bioactive compounds, like dietary polyphenols emerges in our daily basis mostly due to their health related effects in slowing-down the incidence of chronic and degenerative diseases and even food allergy, which has been growing rapidly in prevalence currently affecting 5% of adults and 8% of children. Polyphenols embrace a large family of secondary metabolites from plant-derived foods and food wastes and are considerable of interest since they have attracted special attention over the years because of their reported anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties along with their high antioxidant capacity. These compounds are claimed as nutraceuticals with protective effect in offsetting oxidant species over-genesis in normal cells, and with the potential ability to stop or reverse oxidative stress-related diseases. Plant-derived foods represent a substantive portion of human diet containing a significant amount of structurally diverse polyphenols. There is a need to understand the polyphenolic composition of plant-derived foods mainly because of its chemistry, which discloses the bioactivity of a plant extract. However, the lack of standardized methods for analysis and other difficulties associated to the nature and distribution of plant polyphenols leads to a high variability of available data. Furthermore, there is still a gap in the understanding of polyphenols bioavailability and pharmacokinetics, which clearly difficult the settlement of the intake needed to observe health outcomes. Many efforts have been made to provide highly sensitive and selective analytical methods for the extraction (liquid-liquid; solid-liquid; supercritical-fluid), separation (spectrophotometric methods) and structural identification (chromatographic techniques, NMR spectroscopy, MS spectrometry) of phenolic and polyphenolic compounds present in these extracts. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has been a fundamental technique in this area of research, not only for the determination of this family of compounds in food matrices, but also for the characterization and identification of new polyphenols classified with nutraceutical interest. This review summarizes the nature, distribution and main sources of polyphenols, analytical methods from extraction to characterization to further evaluate the health effects toward immune reactions to food.

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Section: Supercritical Fluid Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Polyphenols as Modulators of Food Allergies. From Chemistry to Biological Implications

Bessa

Francisco

Dias

et al. 2021

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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“…While the equipment necessary for scCO 2 processing is not cheap, it is a process in which the oxidation of the target molecules is minimal [ 177 ]. Due to the fact that scCO 2 is a non-polar solvent, it is optimal for the extraction of non-polar and weakly polar compounds [ 178 , 179 ]. However, when coupled with polar organic solvents, such as methanol or ethanol, as co-solvents, the extraction efficiency of the polar compounds may be increased [ 179 , 180 ] (and the integration of (bio)ethanol is considered to be environmentally benign and relatively safe for human health).…”

Section: Extraction Methods For High-value Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of High-Value Chemicals from Plants for Technical and Medical Applications

Kapadia

Newell

Cunningham³

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Plants produce a variety of high-value chemicals (e.g., secondary metabolites) which have a plethora of biological activities, which may be utilised in many facets of industry (e.g., agrisciences, cosmetics, drugs, neutraceuticals, household products, etc.). Exposure to various different environments, as well as their treatment (e.g., exposure to chemicals), can influence the chemical makeup of these plants and, in turn, which chemicals will be prevalent within them. Essential oils (EOs) usually have complex compositions (>300 organic compounds, e.g., alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, saponins and terpenes) and are obtained from botanically defined plant raw materials by dry/steam distillation or a suitable mechanical process (without heating). In certain cases, an antioxidant may be added to the EO (EOs are produced by more than 17,500 species of plants, but only ca. 250 EOs are commercially available). The interesting bioactivity of the chemicals produced by plants renders them high in value, motivating investment in their production, extraction and analysis. Traditional methods for effectively extracting plant-derived biomolecules include cold pressing and hydro/steam distillation; newer methods include solvent/Soxhlet extractions and sustainable processes that reduce waste, decrease processing times and deliver competitive yields, examples of which include microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), subcritical water extraction (SWE) and supercritical CO2 extraction (scCO2). Once extracted, analytical techniques such as chromatography and mass spectrometry may be used to analyse the contents of the high-value extracts within a given feedstock. The bioactive components, which can be used in a variety of formulations and products (e.g., displaying anti-aging, antibacterial, anticancer, anti-depressive, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiparasitic, antiviral and anti-stress properties), are biorenewable high-value chemicals.

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“…As extraction agents, the SCFE used fluids at or above ( Figure 2 ) supercritical temperatures and pressures [ 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 ]. Since supercritical fluids share properties with liquids and gases (density like liquids and viscosity like gases), they can penetrate deeper and faster into the matrix [ 83 , 84 , 85 ]. Supercritical CO 2 is often used due to its chemical properties (critical point 7.38 MPa and 304.2 °K) as well as its safety (non-toxic).…”

Section: Extraction Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The supercritical fluid absorbs the solute in the first step (convection and diffusion). Following that, the pressure is decreased, as is the solvent strength, precipitating the solute (stage 2) [ 66 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 84 , 88 ]. To greatly improve the extraction performance of polar materials, a cosolvent (ethanol and methanol) can be used [ 83 ].…”

Section: Extraction Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mexican Oregano (Lippia graveolens Kunth) as Source of Bioactive Compounds: A Review

et al. 2021

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Lippia graveolens is a traditional crop and a rich source of bioactive compounds with various properties (e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, UV defense, anti-glycemic, and cytotoxicity) that is primarily cultivated for essential oil recovery. The isolated bioactive compounds could be useful as additives in the functional food, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Carvacrol, thymol, β-caryophyllene, and p-cymene are terpene compounds contained in oregano essential oil (OEO); flavonoids such as quercetin O-hexoside, pinocembrin, and galangin are flavonoids found in oregano extracts. Furthermore, thermoresistant compounds that remain in the plant matrix following a thermal process can be priced in terms of the circular economy. By using better and more selective extraction conditions, the bioactive compounds present in Mexican oregano can be studied as potential inhibitors of COVID-19. Also, research on extraction technologies should continue to ensure a higher quality of bioactive compounds while preventing an undesired chemical shift (e.g., hydrolysis). The oregano fractions can be used in the food, health, and agricultural industries.

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Peanut By-Products Utilization Technology

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Use of Polyphenols as Modulators of Food Allergies. From Chemistry to Biological Implications

Use of Polyphenols as Modulators of Food Allergies. From Chemistry to Biological Implications

Extraction of High-Value Chemicals from Plants for Technical and Medical Applications

Mexican Oregano (Lippia graveolens Kunth) as Source of Bioactive Compounds: A Review

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