Peak oil and the low-carbon energy transition: A net-energy perspective

Delannoy, Louis; Longaretti, Pierre-Yves; Murphy, David J.; Prados, Emmanuel

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117843

Cited by 63 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 182 publications

(202 reference statements)

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“…Firstly, the realistic EROI of fossil fuels has been often overestimated by only focusing on EROI values calculated at point of extraction. For instance, while the EROI of crude oil at the well head may, in some cases, have been as high as 100 during its initial "golden age" [249], [250], detailed analyses have shown that this value has been steadily declining over time as a consequence of depletion [251], [252], [253], [254]. Even more importantly, the many subsequent energy investments required along the crude oil supply chain to process and deliver it in the form of readily usable energy carriers have always reduced the resulting EROI values at point of use to well below 10, irrespective of the initial EROI at point of extraction [250], [255].…”

Section: A Energy Return On Investmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar, albeit perhaps not as drastic, EROI reductions from point of extraction to point of use also affect all other fossil fuels such as coal and gas. Furthermore, a substantial decline of fossil oil and gas EROI is projected [252], [253], [255] for the decades to come [251], [252]. The decline of the EROI of nonrenewable resources is an unavoidable effect of depletion, a phenomenon that has been dynamically modeled [254].…”

Section: A Energy Return On Investmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the History and Future of 100% Renewable Energy Systems Research

et al. 2022

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Research on 100% renewable energy systems is a relatively recent phenomenon. It was initiated in the mid-1970s, catalyzed by skyrocketing oil prices. Since the mid-2000s, it has quickly evolved into a prominent research field encompassing an expansive and growing number of research groups and organizations across the world. The main conclusion of most of these studies is that 100% renewables is feasible worldwide at low cost. Advanced concepts and methods now enable the field to chart realistic as well as cost-or resource-optimized and efficient transition pathways to a future without the use of fossil fuels. Such proposed pathways in turn, have helped spur 100% renewable energy policy targets and actions, leading to more research. In most transition pathways, solar energy and wind power increasingly emerge as the central pillars of a sustainable energy system combined with energy efficiency measures. Costoptimization modeling and greater resource availability tend to lead to higher solar photovoltaic shares, while emphasis on energy supply diversification tends to point to higher wind power contributions. Recent research has focused on the challenges and opportunities regarding grid congestion, energy storage, sector coupling, electrification of transport and industry implying power-to-X and hydrogen-to-X, and the inclusion of natural and technical carbon dioxide removal (CDR) approaches. The result is a holistic vision of the transition towards a net-negative greenhouse gas emissions economy that can limit global warming to 1.5˚C with a clearly defined carbon budget in a sustainable and cost-effective manner based on 100% renewable energy-industry-CDR systems. Initially, the field encountered very strong skepticism. Therefore, this paper also includes a response to major critiques against 100% renewable energy systems, and also discusses the institutional inertia that hampers adoption by the International Energy Agency and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, as well as possible negative connections to community acceptance and energy justice. We conclude by discussing how this emergent research field can further progress to the benefit of society.

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Section: A Energy Return On Investmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Energy Return On Investmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the History and Future of 100% Renewable Energy Systems Research

et al. 2022

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“…On the one hand, we can assume that future energy reduction solutions will have similar benefits to the current ones-that they will enable monetary savings, will be modern, and will reduce GHG emissions; on the other, reversing the current trend of ever-growing energy demand will require much more radical action than is currently being taken. Steps to reduce energy consumption might become a necessity in order to enable actual reductions in global GHG emissions and extend the time in which we have access to relatively affordable fossil fuels, which allows us to transform the economy to use new energy sources [4]. Decisive action to reduce energy consumption might serve to alter public opinion on such measures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite efforts by the international community to reduce the scale of GHG emissions (Kyoto Protocol 1997; Paris Agreement 2015), global consumption of fossil fuels is increasing, and the risk of dangerous consequences of climate destabilization is growing [3]. Additionally, there is a threat that the availability of fossil fuels may begin to decline rapidly in the coming decades, due to the exponentially increasing cost of extraction of these fuels, further reducing the available time to transition the economy to new energy sources [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Households’ Electrical Energy Conservation and Management: An Ecological Break-Through, or the Same Old Consumption-Growth Path?

et al. 2021

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We examine the motivations behind the electrical energy conservation and smart management at households to verify whether we are observing an ecological breakthrough, or a mere continuation of the well-trodden consumption-growth path. We conducted an online survey in France, Spain, Italy, and Denmark (n = 3200) on the subject of electricity use and generation. We utilized a generalized structural equation model to simultaneously test the direct reasons behind different energy-use behaviors and intentions, as well as their motivating factors. Measures to conserve electrical energy and install renewable energy equipment are not solely driven by ecological concerns; a crucial role is played by openness to new technologies, which correlates with high financial status. Saving electrical energy and new-tech eagerness go hand-in-hand with attachment to consumption and comfort. Social environment is relevant, as it allows users to converse about electricity saving with friends, and to observe their habits. Individuals may aim not to consume less energy, but to enhance their standards of living by economizing energy to fund other purchases, which limits the reduction in carbon footprint. Increasing the popularity of energy-saving solutions, therefore, might prove insufficient in the face of environmental threats and the challenges of transforming the energy market.

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“…Obtaining electricity from fossil fuels releases enormous amounts of greenhouse gases and other pollutants into the atmosphere [3][4][5], not to mention destroying the landscape in vast spaces. It is estimated that, in 2019, the energy sector was responsible for 77% of greenhouse gas emissions, followed by agriculture (11%), industrial processes and product use (9%), and waste management (3%) [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Electricity-Saving Communication Campaigns: Neurophysiological Approach

2022

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Public communication campaigns are among the tools for promoting electricity saving. A crucial task in the process of creating a campaign is to design a simple message to effectively reach the average consumer. It is a beneficial practice to create alternative messages and pretest them to find the most effective. The research methodology during pretesting includes both quantitative and qualitative methods. However, it is believed that the outcomes obtained with the use of conventional techniques are not fully reliable. Therefore, the following question arises: What additional research methods should be applied at the stage of testing the message of a communication campaign so that its effectiveness can be assessed more reliably and/or improved even before its broadcast? In this study, we aim to present the possibility of applying cognitive neuroscience methods in conjunction with a questionnaire to experimentally check the effectiveness of the message using the example of selected electricity-saving communication campaigns. The key results of this study indicate that merging conscious and subconscious reactions to media messages allows us to gain new knowledge that can be used in the future to improve the communication campaign effectiveness. Our investigation showed the benefits that can be obtained by synergizing traditional research methods with neuroscientific approaches.

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Peak oil and the low-carbon energy transition: A net-energy perspective

Cited by 63 publications

References 182 publications

On the History and Future of 100% Renewable Energy Systems Research

On the History and Future of 100% Renewable Energy Systems Research

Households’ Electrical Energy Conservation and Management: An Ecological Break-Through, or the Same Old Consumption-Growth Path?

Effectiveness of Electricity-Saving Communication Campaigns: Neurophysiological Approach

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