Peak Ground Motions and Site Response at Anza and Imperial Valley, California

Fletcher, J. B.; Boatwright, John

doi:10.1007/s00024-019-02366-2

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 35 publications

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“…Spectral inversion method is a simple yet powerful technique for estimation of either site amplifications, path attenuation, and source parameters of earthquakes or their combinations and has been used in several previous studies (e.g., Andrews 1986;Iwata and Irikura 1988;Castro et al 1990;Kato et al 1992;Yamanaka et al 1998;Satoh and Tatsumi 2002;Bindi et al 2004;Tsuda et al 2006;Oth et al 2011;Ren et al 2013;Nakano et al 2015;Klimasewski et al 2019;Fletcher and Boatwright 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of source, path, and site factors of S waves recorded at the S-net sites in the Japan Trench area using the spectral inversion technique

Dhakal

Kunugi

Yamanaka

et al. 2023

Earth Planets Space

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S-net is a large-scale ocean bottom (OB) network in the Japan Trench area, consisting of inline-type 150 observatories equipped with seismometers and pressure gauges. Among them, 41 observatories have been buried about one meter beneath the seafloors in the shallow water regions (water depth <1500 m). We analyzed the strong-motion data recorded at the S-net sites from earthquakes with magnitudes 3.5 < Mw ≤ 7 and focal depths < 70 km to understand the site amplification effect on the recorded motions. We used the spectral inversion technique and obtained some fundamental properties of the earthquake source spectra, path attenuation, and site factors from the horizontal-component S-wave portions of the recordings. We obtained that the source spectra followed the $${\omega }^{-2}$$ ω - 2 source model generally well, and the estimated magnitudes were mostly within ± 0.3 magnitude units of the catalog magnitudes. The stress drops increased systematically with the focal depths, and the values for the shallow earthquakes in the Pacific Plate were higher than those for the interplate earthquakes with comparable focal depths. The path-averaged quality factors were generally frequency-dependent and were somewhat larger than those in the past studies. The peak site frequencies ranged between about 0.2 and 10 Hz, while the peak amplification factors ranged between 10 and 50. Even though the peak frequencies and amplification factors differed from site to site, the peak frequencies were mostly higher than 2 Hz at the outer trench stations, while they were lower than 2 Hz at many inner trench stations. The amplification factors at a few OB sites in the shallow water regions were comparable with the theoretical ones computed from the 1-D subsea model. The amplification factors at intermediate frequencies (~ 0.3 to 2 Hz) generally increased with P-wave travel time in the sediments estimated from the multi-channel seismic survey. At about 20% of the sites (mainly at the unburied stations), spurious site spectra were recognized at frequencies higher than about 4 Hz. If the site spectra between 4 and 10 Hz are required, using only the X-component records is recommended. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of source, path, and site factors of S waves recorded at the S-net sites in the Japan Trench area using the spectral inversion technique

Dhakal

Kunugi

Yamanaka

et al. 2023

Earth Planets Space

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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A review of near-surface QS estimation methods using active and passive sources

et al. 2022

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Seismic attenuation and the associated quality factor (Q) have long been studied in various sub-disciplines of seismology, ranging from observational and engineering seismology to near-surface geophysics and soil/rock dynamics with particular emphasis on geotechnical earthquake engineering and engineering seismology. Within the broader framework of seismic site characterization, various experimental techniques have been adopted over the years to measure the near-surface shear-wave quality factor (QS). Common methods include active- and passive-source recording techniques performed at the free surface of soil deposits and within boreholes, as well as laboratory tests. This paper intends to provide an in-depth review of what Q is and, in particular, how QS is estimated in the current practice. After motivating the importance of this parameter in seismology, we proceed by recalling various theoretical definitions of Q and its measurement through laboratory tests, considering various deformation modes, most notably QP and QS. We next provide a review of the literature on QS estimation methods that use data from surface and borehole sensor recordings. We distinguish between active- and passive-source approaches, along with their pros and cons, as well as the state-of-the-practice and state-of-the-art. Finally, we summarize the phenomena associated with the high-frequency shear-wave attenuation factor (kappa) and its relation to Q, as well as other lesser-known attenuation parameters.

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Estimates of κ0 and Effects on Ground Motions in the San Francisco Bay Area

Nye

Sahakian

King

et al. 2022

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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Ground-motion studies are a key component of seismic hazard analyses and often rely on information of the source, path, and site. Extensive research has been done on each of these parameters; however, site-specific studies are of particular interest to seismic hazard studies, especially in the field of earthquake engineering, as near-site conditions can have a significant impact on the resulting ground motion at a site. There has been much focus on the constraint of site parameters and their application to seismic hazard studies, especially in the development of ground-motion models (GMMs). Kappa is an observational parameter describing the high-frequency attenuation of spectra, and its site contribution (κ0) has shown to be a good predictor of high-frequency ground motions; however, measurements are often limited. In this study, we develop a κ0 dataset for the San Francisco Bay area (SFBA) by estimating κ0 for 228 stations, and we produce a continuous regional map of κ0. We find κ0 to range between 0.003 and 0.072 s, with larger values concentrating on the east, north, and south sides of the bay, and lower values concentrating on the west side. We also evaluate the robustness of κ0 as a site parameter and find it to correlate with peak ground acceleration. These estimates of κ0 can add predictive power to GMMs, thus increasing the accuracy of predicted ground motion and improving the robustness of ground-motion studies in the SFBA.

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Peak Ground Motions and Site Response at Anza and Imperial Valley, California

Cited by 3 publications

References 35 publications

Estimation of source, path, and site factors of S waves recorded at the S-net sites in the Japan Trench area using the spectral inversion technique

Estimation of source, path, and site factors of S waves recorded at the S-net sites in the Japan Trench area using the spectral inversion technique

A review of near-surface QS estimation methods using active and passive sources

Estimates of κ0 and Effects on Ground Motions in the San Francisco Bay Area

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