Peak Bone Mass

Heaney, Robert P.; Abrams, Steven A.; Dawson‐Hughes, Bess; Looker, Anne C.; Marcus, Robert; Matković, Velimir; Weaver, Connie M.

doi:10.1007/s001980070020

Cited by 1,024 publications

(763 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…Additional support of this early genetic control of bone mass can be found in rodent studies where rates of bone formation and apposition appear to be under genetic control in mice as young as 6 weeks of age [53]. Strong genetic effects on bone mass are also evident post-puberty, and bone mass heritability is said to reach its peak (h 2 ≈ 0.84) at the time of peak bone mass [18,21,55]. Subsequent to this peak, genetic influences on bone mass steadily decrease [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Strong genetic effects on bone mass are also evident post-puberty, and bone mass heritability is said to reach its peak (h 2 ≈ 0.84) at the time of peak bone mass [18,21,55]. Subsequent to this peak, genetic influences on bone mass steadily decrease [21]. Some researchers have shown that the genetic influence on bone mass in girls may reach its highest childhood value just prior to puberty, before it falls during the pubertal years, when environmental influences may be very strong [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bone accumulation dominates during childhood and peaks in early adulthood, while bone loss typically dominates later in life. Investigations of bone mass, both genetic and non-genetic, have traditionally focused on two definable aspects of this process; peak bone mass [21,22,44], and osteoporosis [3,47,48]. It is important to note that both are influenced by genetic and environmental factors, and their interactions, prior to the attainment of peak bone mass or onset of osteoporosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative genetics of cortical bone mass in healthy 10-year-old children from the Fels Longitudinal Study

Duren

Sherwood

Choh

et al. 2007

Bone

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The genetic influences on bone mass likely change throughout the life span, but most genetic studies of bone mass regulation have focused on adults. There is, however, a growing awareness of the importance of genes influencing the acquisition of bone mass during childhood on lifelong bone health. The present investigation examines genetic influences on childhood bone mass by estimating the residual heritabilities of different measures of second metacarpal bone mass in a sample of 600 10-year-old participants from 144 families in the Fels Longitudinal Study. Bivariate quantitative genetic analyses were conducted to estimate genetic correlations between cortical bone mass measures, and measures of bone growth and development. Using a maximum likelihood-based variance components method for pedigree data, we found a residual heritability estimate of 0.71 for second metacarpal cortical index. Residual heritability estimates for individual measures of cortical bone (e.g., lateral cortical thickness, medial cortical thickness) ranged from 0.47 to 0.58, at this prepubertal childhood age. Low genetic correlations were found between cortical bone measures and both bone length and skeletal age. However, after Bonferonni adjustment for multiple testing, ρ G was not significantly different from 0 for any of these pairs of traits. Results of this investigation provide evidence of significant genetic control over bone mass largely independent of maturation while bones are actively growing and before rapid accrual of bone that typically occurs during puberty.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative genetics of cortical bone mass in healthy 10-year-old children from the Fels Longitudinal Study

Duren

Sherwood

Choh

et al. 2007

Bone

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“…Tobacco use has been associated with lower BMD levels in adolescence in some, but not all studies [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Body weight is the largest single determinant of adult bone mass [34]. In our cohort more than 20% were classified as overweight or obese for age according to Cole et al´s definition of overweight and obesity in childhood [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tromsø Study: Fit Futures: a study of Norwegian adolescents’ lifestyle and bone health

et al. 2014

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Summary Bone mass achievement predicts later fracture risk. This population-based study describes bone mineral density levels (BMD) and associated factors in Norwegian adolescents. Compared with international reference ranges, BMD levels appear higher and physical activity levels are positively associated with BMD.Purpose Norway has one of the highest reported incidences of osteoporotic fractures. Maximization of peak bone mass may prevent later fractures. This population-based study compared BMD levels of Norwegian adolescents with international reference ranges and explored associated factors.Methods All first year upper secondary school students, aged 15-19 years in the Tromsø region were invited to the Fit Futures study in 2010-2011. Over 90% of the invited participants attended, 508 girls and 530 boys. BMD was measured at total hip, femoral neck and total body by dual x-ray absorptiometry.Lifestyle variables were collected by self-administered questionnaires and interviews. All analyses were performed sex stratified, using linear regression models.Results In girls mean BMD (SD) was 1.060 (0.124), 1.066 (0.123) and 1.142 (0.077) g/cm² at the total hip, femoral neck and total body respectively. In boys corresponding values were 1.116 (0.147), 1.103 (0.150) and 1.182 (0.097), with significant higher values than the Lunar pediatric reference at 16 years of age In girls, height and self-reported intensive physical activity of more than four hours a week and early sexual maturation were positively associated with BMD at both femoral sites (p<0.047). Among boys age, height, body mass index, physical activity and alcohol intake were positively (p<0.038), whereas early stages of sexual maturation and smoking was negatively (p<0.047) related to BMD.Conclusions Despite the heavy fracture burden, Norwegian adolescents´ BMD levels are higher than agematched Caucasians. Physical activity is associated with 1 SD increased BMD levels in those involved in competition or hard training.

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Fracturing Support for the Role of Systemic Retinoid Therapy as a Cause of Bone Demineralization

DiGiovanna¹

2010

Arch Dermatol

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Peak Bone Mass

Cited by 1,024 publications

References 160 publications

Quantitative genetics of cortical bone mass in healthy 10-year-old children from the Fels Longitudinal Study

Quantitative genetics of cortical bone mass in healthy 10-year-old children from the Fels Longitudinal Study

The Tromsø Study: Fit Futures: a study of Norwegian adolescents’ lifestyle and bone health

Fracturing Support for the Role of Systemic Retinoid Therapy as a Cause of Bone Demineralization

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