Peach Breeding for Growth Habit

Bassi, D.; Rizzo, M.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2000.538.72

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The genetics of weeping in peach trees has been studied for the last couple of decades due to its ornamental appeal and potential use in novel fruit tree production systems (29)(30)(31)(32). Peach weeping was shown to segregate as a recessive locus and was named pl (short for pleureur, the French word for weeping) (29,(31)(32)(33). Studies by Werner and Chaparro (30) found that the "pillar" peach phenotype, caused by the TAC1 mutation, was epistatic to the peach pl (weeping) locus (7,30).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of a highly conserved sterile alpha motif domain gene ( WEEP ) results in pendulous branch growth in peach trees

Hollender

Pascal

Tabb

et al. 2018

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Plant shoots typically grow upward in opposition to the pull of gravity. However, exceptions exist throughout the plant kingdom. Most conspicuous are trees with weeping or pendulous branches. While such trees have long been cultivated and appreciated for their ornamental value, the molecular basis behind the weeping habit is not known. Here, we characterized a weeping tree phenotype in (peach) and identified the underlying genetic mutation using a genomic sequencing approach. Weeping peach tree shoots exhibited a downward elliptical growth pattern and did not exhibit an upward bending in response to 90° reorientation. The causative allele was found to be an uncharacterized gene,, having a 1.8-Kb deletion spanning the 5' end. This gene, dubbed , was predominantly expressed in phloem tissues and encodes a highly conserved 129-amino acid protein containing a sterile alpha motif (SAM) domain. Silencing WEEP in the related tree species (plum) resulted in more outward, downward, and wandering shoot orientations compared to standard trees, supporting a role for WEEP in directing lateral shoot growth in trees. This previously unknown regulator of branch orientation, which may also be a regulator of gravity perception or response, provides insights into our understanding of how tree branches grow in opposition to gravity and could serve as a critical target for manipulating tree architecture for improved tree shape in agricultural and horticulture applications.

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Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of a highly conserved sterile alpha motif domain gene ( WEEP ) results in pendulous branch growth in peach trees

Hollender

Pascal

Tabb

et al. 2018

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Both these allow better light penetration, require less pruning, and potentially could deliver greater yield effi ciencies Kodad and Socias i Company 2006 ;Scorza et al 2006 ;Socias i Company 1998 ;Kenis and Keulemans 2007 ) . The weeping habit is also being explored by several peach breeding programs as a growth habit that would decrease management costs (Scorza et al 2006 ;Bassi and Rizzo 2000 ) . Whatever results from this work, it is clear that the optimal training system needs to be developed for each unique tree architecture (Scorza et al 2006 ) and marketing needs to bundle these unique cultivars with the optimal training systems.…”

Section: Simplifying Orchard Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Fruit Breeding

Byrne

2011

Fruit Breeding

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Fruit breeding is a long-term process which takes a minimum of about a decade from the original cross to a fi nished cultivar. Thus, much thought needs to go into which objectives to be emphasized in the breeding. Although certain objectives, such as yield and basic quality, are always important, the overall lifestyle, environmental, marketing, and production trends affect the objectives that breeders emphasize in their programs as they strive to anticipate the future needs of the fruit industry. The importance of each trend varies with the crop and environment. The major trends are to develop cultivars which simplify orchard practices, have increased resistance to biotic and abiotic stress, extend the adaptation zones of the crop, create new fruit types, create fruit cultivars with enhanced health benefi ts, and provide consistently high quality. Keywords IntroductionFruit breeders need to anticipate cultivar needs at least 10 years into the future, as this is the minimum time that most fruit cultivars take to develop from pollination to release. This chapter explores the larger trends in our lives, such as environmental issues, health consciousness, consumer trends in lifestyle, and the expectations and needs of producers to examine how these affect the objectives of our fruit breeding programs. Trends in the Business of Plant BreedingImproved plant protection legislation in the USA, Europe, and throughout the world has stimulated substantial research and the development of new plants for commercial exploitation. This has also tended to shift the breeding into the private sector (Heisey et al. 2001 ;Frey 1996Frey , 1998Traxler 1999 ) . This shift was quicker for the annual large acreage crops, such as corn, where public-generated commercial cultivars in the USA disappeared in the 1940s and the use of publically generated inbred lines ceased in the 1970s. Currently, public corn breeders concentrate more on basic research into corn breeding and genetics (Traxler 1999 ) .In fruit crops, this shift has been slower and dependent on the crop, with those crops with shorter life cycles and larger markets shifting to the private sector more rapidly. Throughout the world, the proportion of peach releases from public programs has decreased from 45% in the 1980s to 34% in the early 1990s (Della Strada et al. 1996 ;Della Strada and Fideghelli 2003 ;Fideghelli et al. 1998 ) . During the last decade in the USA, only ~15% of the peach and nectarine cultivars were released by public institutions. Support for the development of apricots, cherries, and apples is still with public institutions, but this is eroding and the private sector is becoming more involved in the release and Another factor is decreased funding for public breeding programs. In the USA, the public funding dedicated to breeding activities has decreased dramatically since the 1970s as the government shifted from a philosophy of completely funding programs to assisting programs with partial funding (Moore 1993 ;Frey 1996 ;Heisey et al. 2001 ) . Thus, t...

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“…While inheritance of alternate peach tree growth habits has been reported (Conners, 1920;Mehlenbacher and Scorza, 1986;Yamazaki et al, 1987), along with information concerning their growth and pruning requirements (Bassi and Rizzo, 2000;Bassi et al, 1994;Scorza, 1984;Scorza et al, 1984Scorza et al, , 1986, there is little information concerning the interaction of genes affecting growth habit following hybridization (Yamazaki et al, 1987). Such information would be useful in development of new growth types for commercial peach production or for ornamental use.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Interactions of Pillar (Columnar), Compact, and Dwarf Peach Tree Genotypes

Scorza¹,

Bassi²,

Liverani³

2002

jashs

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A study was conducted to determine genetic control of the columnar or pillar (PI) growth habit, and to evaluate the effects of interactions of various genes that influence peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (Peach Group)] growth habit. The PI habit (brbr) examined in this study was inherited as a monogenic trait expressing incomplete dominance. The heterozygous Brbr derived from crosses between standard (ST) and PI genotypes was recognized as an upright (UP) tree with narrower branch angles than ST trees but wider than PI trees. The combination of brbr and brachytic dwarf (DW) (dwdw) produced dwarf-pillar (DWPI) trees. The effects of the heterozygous Brbr in combination with dw and/or compact (CT) (Ct) could not be recognized by visual observation. Compact pillar (CTPI) trees resulted from the expression of Ct_ brbr. These trees were distinguished from globe-shaped (GL) trees (Ct_Brbr) by the more upright growth habit of the CTPI trees. This genetic study highlights the genetic plasticity of tree growth habit in peach. The investigation of novel growth habits extends our concept of the peach tree. Some growth habits such as PI may have commercial potential for high-density peach production systems. Others, such as DWPI and CTPI may have potential as ornamentals.

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Peach Breeding for Growth Habit

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Loss of a highly conserved sterile alpha motif domain gene ( WEEP ) results in pendulous branch growth in peach trees

Loss of a highly conserved sterile alpha motif domain gene ( WEEP ) results in pendulous branch growth in peach trees

Trends in Fruit Breeding

Genetic Interactions of Pillar (Columnar), Compact, and Dwarf Peach Tree Genotypes

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