PEACH, a smartphone- and conversational agent-based coaching intervention for intentional personality change: study protocol of a randomized, wait-list controlled trial

Stieger, Mirjam; Nißen, Marcia; Rüegger, Dominik; Kowatsch, Tobias; Flückiger, Christoph; Allemand, Mathias

doi:10.1186/s40359-018-0257-9

Cited by 58 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…We confirm that we have reported all measures, conditions, data exclusions, and sample size determination strategies for this work, either in this article or in the published study protocol (Stieger et al, 2018).…”

Section: Open Science Disclosure Statementsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Data come from an intervention study (Stieger et al, 2018), whose purpose was to test the effectiveness of a smartphone‐based 10‐week digital coaching intervention for intentional personality change. We restricted our analysis to the experience sampling data that were collected in the first week of the study without any intervention components.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How Are Personality States Associated with Smartphone Data?

et al. 2020

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Smartphones promise great potential for personality science to study people's everyday life behaviours. Even though personality psychologists have become increasingly interested in the study of personality states, associations between smartphone data and personality states have not yet been investigated. This study provides a first step towards understanding how smartphones may be used for behavioural assessment of personality states. We explored the relationships between Big Five personality states and data from smartphone sensors and usage logs. On the basis of the existing literature, we first compiled a set of behavioural and situational indicators, which are potentially related to personality states. We then applied them on an experience sampling data set containing 5748 personality state responses that are self‐assessments of 30 minutes timeframes and corresponding smartphone data. We used machine learning analyses to investigate the predictability of personality states from the set of indicators. The results showed that only for extraversion, smartphone data (specifically, ambient noise level) were informative beyond what could be predicted based on time and day of the week alone. The results point to continuing challenges in realizing the potential of smartphone data for psychological research. © 2020 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology

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Section: Open Science Disclosure Statementsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Are Personality States Associated with Smartphone Data?

et al. 2020

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“…Our study stresses on the conversation with the chatbot itself as the potential medium to render a motivational interview, for mental health concerns in particular. As we face an unprecedently technology-intensive era, we foresee a number of conversational agents to appear in the communicative process of providing care (eg, [64-68]). To properly manage such an interaction, we believe a well-designed conversational sequence is necessary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing a Chatbot for a Brief Motivational Interview on Stress Management: Qualitative Case Study

Park¹,

Choi²,

Lee³

et al. 2019

J Med Internet Res

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Background In addition to addiction and substance abuse, motivational interviewing (MI) is increasingly being integrated in treating other clinical issues such as mental health problems. Most of the many technological adaptations of MI, however, have focused on delivering the action-oriented treatment, leaving its relational component unexplored or vaguely described. This study intended to design a conversational sequence that considers both technical and relational components of MI for a mental health concern. Objective This case study aimed to design a conversational sequence for a brief motivational interview to be delivered by a Web-based text messaging application ( chatbot ) and to investigate its conversational experience with graduate students in their coping with stress. Methods A brief conversational sequence was designed with varied combinations of MI skills to follow the 4 processes of MI. A Web-based text messaging application, Bonobot, was built as a research prototype to deliver the sequence in a conversation. A total of 30 full-time graduate students who self-reported stress with regard to their school life were recruited for a survey of demographic information and perceived stress and a semistructured interview. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed by Braun and Clarke’s thematic method. The themes that reflect the process of, impact of, and needs for the conversational experience are reported. Results Participants had a high level of perceived stress (mean 22.5 [SD 5.0]). Our findings included the following themes: Evocative Questions and Clichéd Feedback; Self-Reflection and Potential Consolation; and Need for Information and Contextualized Feedback. Participants particularly favored the relay of evocative questions but were less satisfied with the agent-generated reflective and affirming feedback that filled in-between. Discussing the idea of change was a good means of reflecting on themselves, and some of Bonobot’s encouragements related to graduate school life were appreciated. Participants suggested the conversation provide informational support, as well as more contextualized feedback. Conclusions A conversational sequence for a brief motivational interview was presented in this case study. Participant feedback suggests sequencing questions and MI-adherent statements can facilitate a conversation for stress management, which may encourage a chance of self-reflection. More diversified sequences, along with more contextualized feedback, should follow to offer a better conversational experience and to confirm any empirical effect.

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“…MI has been delivered in-person 40 and now there are efforts to also deliver it via smartphones. 41 However, one advantage of telephone-based MI over in-person MI is that it may enable some participants with higher barriers to inperson appointments to initially engage-using in person MI only reaches those already willing and able come in for a psychological intervention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Impact of Motivational Interviewing on Initiating Behavioral Therapy for Migraine

et al. 2020

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Background.-Relaxation, biofeedback, and cognitive behavioral therapy are evidence-based behavioral therapies for migraine. Despite such efficacy, research shows that only about half of patients initiate behavioral therapy recommended by their headache specialists.Objective.-Motivational interviewing (MI) is a widely used method to help patients explore and overcome ambivalence to enact positive life changes. We tested the hypothesis that telephone-based MI would improve initiation, scheduling, and attending behavioral therapy for migraine.Methods.-Single-blind randomized controlled trial comparing telephone-based MI to treatment as usual (TAU). Participants were recruited during their appointments with headache specialists at two sites of a New York City medical center. Inclusion criteria: ages from 16 to 80, migraine diagnosis by United Council of Neurologic Subspecialty fellowship trained and/or certified headache specialist, and referral for behavioral therapy for prevention in the appointment of recruitment. Exclusion criteria: having done behavioral therapy for migraine in the past year. Participants in the MI group received up to 5 MI calls. TAU participants were called after 3 months for general follow-up data. The prespecified primary outcome was scheduling a behavioral therapy appointment, and secondary outcomes were initiating and attending a behavioral therapy appointment.Results.-76 patients were enrolled and randomized (MI = 36, TAU = 40). At baseline, the mean number of headache days was 12.0 ± 9.0. Self-reported anxiety was present for 36/52 (69.2%) and depression for 30/52 (57.7%). Follow-up assessments were completed for 77.6% (59/76, MI = 32, TAU = 27). The mean number of MI calls per participant was 2.69 ± 1.56 [0 to 5]. There was a greater likelihood of those in the MI group to initiating an appointment (22/32, 68.8% vs 11/27, 40.7%, P = .0309). There were no differences in appointment scheduling or attendance. Reasons stated for not initiating behavioral therapy were lack of time, lack of insurance/funding, prioritizing other treatments, and travel plans.Conclusions.-Brief telephone-based MI may improve rates of initiation of behavioral therapy for migraine, but other barriers appear to lessen the impact on scheduling and attending behavioral therapy appointments.

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PEACH, a smartphone- and conversational agent-based coaching intervention for intentional personality change: study protocol of a randomized, wait-list controlled trial

Cited by 58 publications

References 73 publications

How Are Personality States Associated with Smartphone Data?

How Are Personality States Associated with Smartphone Data?

Designing a Chatbot for a Brief Motivational Interview on Stress Management: Qualitative Case Study

A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Impact of Motivational Interviewing on Initiating Behavioral Therapy for Migraine

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