PDV2 has a dosage effect on chloroplast division in Arabidopsis

Chang, Ning; Sun, Qingqing; Li, Yiqiong; Mu, Yajuan; Hu, Jinglei; Feng, Yue; Liu, Xiaomin; Gao, Hongbo

doi:10.1007/s00299-016-2096-6

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Thus, the results of T-DNA insertion mutants are similar to that of sgRNA mutants. At the same time, chloroplast division mutants pdv2-3 and arc6-6 were used as controls for comparison ( Vitha et al, 2003 ; Miyagishima et al, 2006 ; Chang et al, 2017 ; Wang et al, 2017 ). These mutants contains only a few giant chloroplasts in the cell ( Figures 4A,C ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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AT2G21280 Only Has a Minor Role in Chloroplast Division

Wang

et al. 2017

Front. Plant Sci.

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Chloroplast division is an important cellular process, which involves complicated coordination of multiple proteins. In mutant plants with chloroplast division defects, chloroplasts are usually found to be with enlarged size and reduced numbers. Previous studies have shown that AT2G21280, which was named as GC1 (GIANT CHLOROPLAST 1) or AtSulA, was an important chloroplast division gene, because either reduced expression or overexpression of the gene could result in an apparent chloroplast division phenotype (Maple et al., 2004; Raynaud et al., 2004). To further study the function of AT2G21280, we obtained mutants of this gene by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing and T-DNA insertion. Most of the chloroplasts in the mutants were similar to that of the wild type in size. Larger chloroplasts were rarely found in the mutants. Moreover, we obtained transgenic plants overexpressing AT2G21280, analyzed the chloroplast division phenotype, and found there were no significant differences between the wild type and various overexpressing plants. Phylogenetic analysis clearly indicated that AT2G21280 was not in the family of bacterial cell division protein SulA. Instead, BLAST analysis suggested that AT2G21280 is an NAD dependent epimerase/dehydratase family enzyme. Since the main results of the previous studies that AT2G21280 is an important chloroplast division gene cannot be confirmed by our intensive study and large chloroplasts are rarely found in the mutants, we think the previous names of AT2G21280 are inappropriate. Localization study results showed that AT2G21280 is a peripheral protein of the inner envelope of chloroplasts in the stroma side. AT2G21280 is well conserved in plants and cyanobacteria, suggesting its function is important, which can be revealed in the future study.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leaf fixation and chloroplast phenotype analysis were performed as described previously ( Gao et al, 2013 ; Chang et al, 2017 ). Briefly, a piece of 4-week-old leaf was immersed into a tube containing 1 mL 3.5% glutaraldehyde for 1 h in the dark.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

AT2G21280 Only Has a Minor Role in Chloroplast Division

Wang

et al. 2017

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…In Arabidopsis , overexpression of PDV1 and PDV2 can increase the number of chloroplasts. Interestingly, expression of PDV1 and PDV2 can be promoted by exogenous cytokinin treatment or overexpression of cytokinin-responsive transcription factor 2 43 , 44 . In addition to cytokinin, GA-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis ( ga1-3 ) and Oryza sativa ( d18-AD ) both exhibited reduced chloroplast division and decreased expression of FtsZ2, ARC6, DRP5B, and PDV 45 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutation of SlARC6 leads to tissue-specific defects in chloroplast development in tomato

et al. 2021

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The proliferation and development of chloroplasts are important for maintaining the normal chloroplast population in plant tissues. Most studies have focused on chloroplast maintenance in leaves. In this study, we identified a spontaneous mutation in a tomato mutant named suffulta (su), in which the stems appeared albinic while the leaves remained normal. Map-based cloning showed that Su encodes a DnaJ heat shock protein that is a homolog of the Arabidopsis gene AtARC6, which is involved in chloroplast division. Knockdown and knockout of SlARC6 in wild-type tomato inhibit chloroplast division, indicating the conserved function of SlARC6. In su mutants, most mesophyll cells contain only one or two giant chloroplasts, while no chloroplasts are visible in 60% of stem cells, resulting in the albinic phenotype. Compared with mature tissues, the meristem of su mutants suggested that chloroplasts could partially divide in meristematic cells, suggesting the existence of an alternative mechanism in those dividing cells. Interestingly, the adaxial petiole cells of su mutants contain more chloroplasts than the abaxial cells. In addition, prolonged lighting can partially rescue the albinic phenotypes in su mutants, implying that light may promote SlACR6-independent chloroplast development. Our results verify the role of SlACR6 in chloroplast division in tomato and uncover the tissue-specific regulation of chloroplast development.

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“…Arabidopsis thaliana plants used are Columbia-0 (Col) wild type, pdv2-3 and arc3-1 ( Pyke and Leech, 1994 ; Chang et al, 2017 ). Arabidopsis thaliana , Nicotiana benthamiana , Brassica oleracea var.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Tissue-Chopping Based Immunofluorescence Staining Method for Chloroplast Proteins

et al. 2022

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Immunofluorescence staining is an important method for detecting the localization of proteins in the cell. It is also frequently used in the localization study of chloroplast-division proteins. Although this method has been improved before by using protoplasts, it still has some limitations. Now we developed a new method to make it much easier. We just broke the plant leaf tissue with a serrated blade, stained the samples directly, and simply lysed the tissue into separatable cells. The localization of the target protein can then be observed with a clear view. Since this method directly uses broken leaf pieces, it is very fast. It can also be applied to the plants in which protoplasts are difficult to prepare. We first used this method to observe the localization of a chloroplast division protein FtsZ1 in the wild-type Arabidopsis. A ring was clearly seen in the middle of chloroplasts. In addition, we used this method to analyze the localization of FtsZ1 in arc3 and pdv2 mutants, as well as in dozens of other species, including some woody plants. This new immunofluorescence staining method is not only easy to use, but also has a wide applicability in various plants.

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PDV2 has a dosage effect on chloroplast division in Arabidopsis

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

AT2G21280 Only Has a Minor Role in Chloroplast Division

AT2G21280 Only Has a Minor Role in Chloroplast Division

Mutation of SlARC6 leads to tissue-specific defects in chloroplast development in tomato

A Tissue-Chopping Based Immunofluorescence Staining Method for Chloroplast Proteins

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