PdO/SnO<sub>2</sub> heterostructure for low-temperature detection of CO with fast response and recovery

Wang, Pengjian; Yuan, Tingbiao; Yuan, Huifang; Zheng, Xiaoyan; Ijaz, Hamza; Hui, Junfeng; Fan, Daidi; Zhao, Yuxin; Hu, Shengsun

doi:10.1039/c9ra03171e

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) also confirms the formation of metallic Pd with observation of two intensive peaks at binding energy values of 335.2 and 340.4 eV with Δ = 5.2 eV (Figure a), corresponding to two distinct spin-orbits 3d 5/2 and 3d 3/2 , respectively, which correlates well with results previously reported in the literature. − Besides, two peaks at higher binding energies of ca. 337.1 and 342.4 eV were also observed, which are most likely attributable to the Pd atoms chemically bound to the PPh 3 ligand. , No peak at a much higher binding energy assignable to PdO is observed . The P 2p XPS spectrum (Figure b) shows one single peak at 132.3 eV, assignable to the P–C bond, which is higher than that of PPOC (131.9 eV) due to the strong electron donation from the PPh 3 ligand to Pd. , The binding interaction of the phosphine ligand with the NP is further verified by 31 P NMR spectroscopy of Pd@PPOC in CDCl 3 solution with a downfield shift of the resonance peak from −7.85 to 25.42 ppm (Figure S12), a value approximate to Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 in CDCl 3 (26.4 ppm) (Figure S13).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Phosphine-Built-in Porous Organic Cage for Stabilization and Boosting the Catalytic Performance of Palladium Nanoparticles in Cross-Coupling of Aryl Halides

Wang

Reddy

Zhou

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Herein, we report first a novel phosphine-containing porous organic cage (PPOC) from a [2 + 3] self-assembly of triphenyl phosphine-based trialdehyde and (S,S)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane via dynamic imine chemistry, which was employed as a porous material for the controlled growth of palladium nanoparticles (NPs) due to the strong affinity of Pd to the phosphine ligand based on the principle of hard and soft acids and bases. Comprehensive characterizations including X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, NMR, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveal that ultrafine Pd NPs with narrow size distribution (1.7 ± 0.3 nm) and enhanced surface electronic density via a strong interaction between NPs and phosphine were homogeneously dispersed in the PPOC. The resultant catalyst Pd@PPOC exhibits remarkably superior catalytic activities for various cross-coupling reactions of aryl halides, for example, Sonogashira, Suzuki, Heck, and carbonylation. The catalytic activity of Pd@PPOC outperforms the state-of-the-art Pd complexes and other Pd NPs supported on N-containing porous cages under identical conditions, owing to the enhanced surface electronic density of Pd NPs and their high stability and dispersibility in solution. More importantly, Pd@PPOC is highly stable and easily recycled and reused without loss of their catalytic activity. This work provides a new functional POC with extended potentials in catalysis and material science.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Phosphine-Built-in Porous Organic Cage for Stabilization and Boosting the Catalytic Performance of Palladium Nanoparticles in Cross-Coupling of Aryl Halides

Wang

Reddy

Zhou

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 3d Pd XPS spectra contain the 3d 5/2 with a BE of 335.5 ± 0.3 eV corresponds to Pd 0 species − and the 3d 5/2 with a BE of 337.5 ± 0.3 eV corresponds to Pd 2+ (PdO) species. , The Pd XPS spectrum (Figure B) of the AP-ox bimetallic catalyst contains a peak with a BE of 337.5 eV corresponding to PdO species . On SnO x -promoted catalyst (0.5%SnO x @AP-ox), two Pd 3d 5/2 characterization peaks with BEs of 335.9 and 337.6 eV corresponding to Pd 0 and PdO, respectively, are present . These results are in accordance with the XRD data, revealing that the introduction of SnO x leads to a partial reduction of PdO to Pd 0 species, which is due to the higher oxophilicity of Sn with lower electronegativity than Pd (Sn = 1.96, Pd = 2.20) .…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…46 On SnO x promoted catalyst (0.5%SnO x @AP-ox), two Pd 3d 5/2 characterization peaks with BE of 335.9 eV and 337.6 eV corresponding to Pd 0 and PdO, respectively, are present. 46 These results are in accordance with the XRD data, revealing that the introduction of SnO x leads to a partial reduction of PdO to Pd 0 species, which is due to the higher oxophilicity of Sn with lower electronegativity than the Pd (Sn=1.96, Pd=2.20). 34 On the H 2 reduced catalyst (0.5%SnO x @AP-H 2 ), the Pd 0 species with BE of 336.2 eV, 47 with a slight positive shift (0.3 eV) probably due to the strong interaction between Sn and Pd is observed.…”

Section: Pdsnmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Compatibility between Activity and Selectivity in Catalytic Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol with Au–Pd Nanoparticles through Redox Switching of SnO_x

Liu

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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A balance between the catalytic activity and product selectivity remains a dilemma for the partial oxidation processes because the products are prone to be over-oxidized. In this work we report on the partial oxidation of benzyl alcohol using a modified catalyst consisting of nanosized Au-Pd particles (NP) with tin oxide (SnO x ) deposited on mesoporous silica support. We found that the SnO x promotes the autogenous reduction of PdO to active Pd 0 species on the Au-Pd NP catalyst (SnO x @AP-ox) before H 2 reduction, which is due to the high oxophilicity of Sn. The presence of active Pd 0 species and the enhancement of oxygen transfer by SnO x led to a high catalytic activity. The benzaldehyde selectivity was enhanced with the increase of SnO x content on catalyst SnO x @AP-ox, which is ascribed to the modulated affinity of reactants and products on the catalyst surface through the redox switching of Sn species. After H 2 reduction, the SnO x was partially reduced and Au-Pd-Sn alloy was formed. The formation of Au-Pd-Sn alloy weakened both the catalytic synergy of Au-Pd alloy NPs and the adsorption of benzyl alcohol on the reduced catalyst, thus leading to a low catalytic activity.

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“…The temperature-dependent response of PdO showed good sensitivity to various CO concentrations at operating temperatures from 25 °C to 100 °C, because the amount of adsorption of CO varies with temperature [ 62 ]. The nanoparticles of PdO/SnO 2 has a low detection limit and good selectivity to carbon monoxide than other interfering gases, together with low-temperature stability and reversibility, clearly showing that this sensor is a practical low-temperature sensing material for CO [ 63 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palladium-Doped Tin Oxide Nanosensor for the Detection of the Air Pollutant Carbon Monoxide Gas

Jebakumar

Juliet

2020

Sensors

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The exhaust gases from various sources cause air pollution, which is a leading contributor to the global disease burden. Hence, it has become vital to monitor and control the increasing pollutants coming out of the various sources into the environment. This paper has designed and developed a sensor material to determine the amount of carbon monoxide (CO), which is one of the major primary air pollutants produced by human activity. Nanoparticle-based sensors have several benefits in sensitivity and specificity over sensors made from traditional materials. In this study, tin oxide (SnO2), which has greater sensitivity to the target gas, is selected as the sensing material which selectively senses only CO. Tin oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized from stannous chloride dihydrate chemical compound by chemical precipitation method. Palladium, at the concentration of 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% by weight, was added to tin oxide and the results were compared. Synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) techniques. XRD revealed the tetragonal structure of the SnO2 nanoparticles and FESEM analysis showed the size of the nanoparticles to be about 7–20 nm. Further, the real-time sensor testing was performed and the results proved that the tin oxide sensor, doped with 0.2% palladium, senses the CO gas more efficiently with greater sensitivity.

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PdO/SnO₂ heterostructure for low-temperature detection of CO with fast response and recovery

Abstract: In this paper, we developed a simple two-step route to prepare a PdO/SnO2 heterostructure with the diameter of the SnO2 and PdO nanoparticles at about 15 nm and 3 nm, respectively.

Cited by 25 publications

References 38 publications

Phosphine-Built-in Porous Organic Cage for Stabilization and Boosting the Catalytic Performance of Palladium Nanoparticles in Cross-Coupling of Aryl Halides

Phosphine-Built-in Porous Organic Cage for Stabilization and Boosting the Catalytic Performance of Palladium Nanoparticles in Cross-Coupling of Aryl Halides

Compatibility between Activity and Selectivity in Catalytic Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol with Au–Pd Nanoparticles through Redox Switching of SnO_x

Palladium-Doped Tin Oxide Nanosensor for the Detection of the Air Pollutant Carbon Monoxide Gas

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PdO/SnO2 heterostructure for low-temperature detection of CO with fast response and recovery

Abstract: In this paper, we developed a simple two-step route to prepare a PdO/SnO2 heterostructure with the diameter of the SnO2 and PdO nanoparticles at about 15 nm and 3 nm, respectively.

Cited by 25 publications

References 38 publications

Phosphine-Built-in Porous Organic Cage for Stabilization and Boosting the Catalytic Performance of Palladium Nanoparticles in Cross-Coupling of Aryl Halides

Phosphine-Built-in Porous Organic Cage for Stabilization and Boosting the Catalytic Performance of Palladium Nanoparticles in Cross-Coupling of Aryl Halides

Compatibility between Activity and Selectivity in Catalytic Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol with Au–Pd Nanoparticles through Redox Switching of SnOx

Palladium-Doped Tin Oxide Nanosensor for the Detection of the Air Pollutant Carbon Monoxide Gas

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PdO/SnO₂ heterostructure for low-temperature detection of CO with fast response and recovery

Compatibility between Activity and Selectivity in Catalytic Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol with Au–Pd Nanoparticles through Redox Switching of SnO_x