PDGF/PDGFR axis in the neural systems

Abstract

Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and their receptors (PDGFRs) are expressed in several cell types including the brain cells such as neuronal progenitors, neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Emerging evidence shows that PDGF-mediated signaling regulates diverse functions in the central nervous system (CNS) such as neurogenesis, cell survival, synaptogenesis, modulation of ligand-gated ion channels, and development of specific types of neurons. Interestingly, PDGF/PDFGR signaling can elicit paradoxical roles in the CNS, depending on the cell type and the activation stimuli and is implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes the role of PDGFs/PDGFRs in several neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, brain cancer, cerebral ischemia, HIV-1 and drug abuse. Understanding PDGF/PDGFR signaling may lead to novel approaches for the future development of therapeutic strategies for combating CNS pathologies.

The Interaction of EphA4 With PDGFRβ Regulates Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation of Neural Progenitor Cells in vitro and Promotes Neurogenesis in vivo

“…PDGF-mediated signaling has been proven to play important roles in neurogenesis, modulation of ligand-gated ion channels, cell survival, development of specific types of neurons, and synaptogenesis in the CNS. Activation of PDGF/PDGFR signaling could elicit positive roles in CNS development and vascularization, relying on the activation stimuli and the cell type, and could be developed as potential targets for treatment of CNS development deficits and abnormal vascularization (Sil et al, 2018). PDGF-BB induces activation of FGFR-1, which is required for a full mitogenic response to PDGF-BB.…”

“…Altered neurogenesis is considered to be involved in the AD-related cognitive impairment (Bao and Song, 2018). This process is mainly regulated by various factors and signal molecules, including Ephrins and their Eph tyrosine kinase receptors, platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and PDGF receptors (Jiao et al, 2008;Sil et al, 2018). Thus, stimulating of endogenous neurogenesis may promote neuronal regeneration.…”

“…Angiogenic growth factor platelet derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) plays many important roles in regulating proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs). In addition to the mitogenic activity, PDGFs have emerged as novel factors for neuronal protection and growth (Sil et al, 2018). Their receptors, PDGFRs, are found to be abundant in neurons and glial cells (Ishii et al, 2017).…”

“…PDGF-mediated signaling regulates neurogenesis, ligand-gated ion channels, cell survival, synaptogenesis, and development of specific types of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). PDGF/PDGFR signaling is also related to the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases through its paradoxical roles in the CNS (Sil et al, 2018).…”

MS CD49d+CD154+ Lymphocytes Reprogram Oligodendrocytes into Immune Reactive Cells Affecting CNS Regeneration

“…In this set of experiments, we also noted high concentrations of PDGF-A and its receptor. Since PDGF-A is not produced by maturating OPCs, but by myelin-stimulated RR-MS PBMCs, lymphocytes are probably the source of PDGF-A in the coculture [30]. Increased shedding of PDGF-R-α in cocultures pointed to functional engagement of PDGF-A in modulation of maturating OPCs.…”