PDF/A: A Viable Addition to the Preservation Toolkit

Noonan, Daniel W.; McCrory, Amy; Black, Elizabeth L.

doi:10.1045/november2010-noonan

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…It appears that all the cases used PDF/A-1 as the file format, and none have discussed using PDF/A-2 or PDF/A-3. The Ohio State University Libraries mentioned to investigating of using PDF/A-1 for digitization (Noonan et al, 2010). They did not report if there is a policy on how to handle the raster image.…”

Section: Use Of Pdf/a In Digitizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond TIFF and JPEG2000: PDF/A as an OAIS submission information package container

Han

2015

Library Hi Tech

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Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to introduce PDF/A to replace TIFF as the preferred file format for digitization of textual documents. In addition, PDF/A can be used as an open archival information system (OAIS) submission information package (SIP) container to reduce digitization and digital preservation costs. Design/methodology/approach -The author first reviewed the current digitization guidelines, the OAIS model and provides on an overview of the development PDF and PDF/A as international standards. Then literature review of the uses of PDF/A is presented. The author analyzed pitfalls of TIFFs as the preferred format for digitization, and showed how to use PDF/A to code digitization SIP. Findings -TIFF file format has been the preferred master file format by Federal Agency Digitization Guidelines Initiative digitization guidelines for the past 20 years. However, there are drawbacks of TIFF format. Literature reviews show that PDF/A has been the preferred standard for coding born-digital documents in court, government and business sectors. PDF/A-2 and PDF/A-3 are relatively new standards released after 2010. However, few understood the standards and have utilized the full potentials in digitization. The author shows that PDF/A can be used as an OAIS SIP container. Practical implications -In order to delivery OAIS SIPs, current practices require a combination of files, directories and various types of metadata. The author shows that PDF/A (PDF/A-2 and/or PDF/A-3) can be a better file format for textual document digitization with coding various types of metadata in extensible metadata platform and arbitrary file/data can be coded in PDF/A-3. These features in PDF/A provide much better ways to deliver SIPs in a cost-efficient manner. Originality/value -PDF/A has been recognized as the preferred standard for born-digital documents, but it has not been used as the preferred file format for digitized materials. The author recommends that: PDF/A with lossless JPX compressions as the preferred file format; and PDF/A with lossless JPX compressions along with metadata/data as the preferred OAIS SIP container. As a result, the uses reduce costs in digitization and digital preservation and also increase productivity. The author recommends to update the national and international digitization practices using PDF/A.

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Section: Use Of Pdf/a In Digitizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond TIFF and JPEG2000: PDF/A as an OAIS submission information package container

Han

2015

Library Hi Tech

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“…Esta seção irá apresentar as principais tecnologias utilizadas neste trabalho para a implementação da plataforma de virtualização e do protótipo do sistema. Elas são: KVM [Kivity et al, 2007], para criação de nós virtuais; Open vSwitch, [Pfaff et al, 2009], para implementação dos enlaces virtuais; Libvirt [Coulson et al, 2010], para o monitoramento e controle dos nós virtuais; e Ginkgo, [Ginkgo Networks, 2008] para o desenvolvimento do protótipo do sistema de gerência autonômica de redes virtuais.…”

Section: Tecnologias Utilizadasunclassified

Uma arquitetura de gerência autonômica de redes virtuais baseada em sistemas multiagentes /

Soares¹,

Madeira²

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Despite its success, the current architecture of the Internet is a source of many problems for current applications and future demands. The virtualization of network infrastructure is proposed as an alternative to solve these problems without the need to change the core of the Internet, as it enables the network architecture pluralism. We have developed an architecture for autonomic management of virtual networks based on multi-agent systems. Based on this architecture, we implemented a prototype that performs the function of self-healing virtual networks. New algorithms and mechanisms have been developed to improve the efficiency of the prototype. A case study on the management of virtual networks that takes into consideration the requirements of the applications that are running on a cloud is also presented. For the execution of the experiments was created a experimentation platform based on virtual machines and on OpenFlow. The prototype and the platform integrate current tools creating a single solution for management of virtual networks. The results contributed to bring network virtualization and autonomic management closer to reality. vii ResumoApesar do seu sucesso, a arquitetura atual da Internet é uma fonte de vários problemas para as aplicações atuais e as demandas futuras. A virtualização da infraestrutura da rede é proposta como alternativa para solucionar esses problemas sem a necessidade de alterar o núcleo da Internet, pois ela habilita o pluralismo de arquiteturas de rede. Neste trabalho, foi desenvolvida uma arquitetura de gerência autonômica de redes virtuais baseada em sistemas multiagentes. Um protótipo que realiza a função de autocura de redes virtuais foi implementado a partir dessa arquitetura. Novos algoritmos e mecanismos foram desenvolvidos para melhorar a eficiência do protótipo. Foi realizado, também, um estudo de caso sobre a gerência de redes virtuais que leva em consideração os requisitos das aplicações que estão sendo executadas em uma nuvem. Uma plataforma de experimentação baseada em máquinas virtuais e no OpenFlow foi criada para a execução dos experimentos. Tanto o protótipo quanto a plataforma de experimentação integram ferramentas atuais criando uma única solução para a gerência de redes virtuais. Os resultados apresentados contribuem para aproximar a virtualização de redes e a gerência autonômica da realidade. viii AgradecimentosAgradeço aos integrantes do Instituto de Computação da Unicamp, que conta com excelentes docentes, funcionários e alunos, deixando um agradecimento especial ao pessoal da secretaria de pós-graduação, com quem tive um contato mais estreito e pude apreciar a eficiência no trabalho e o apoio aos alunos.Também gostaria de agradecer aos órgãos de fomento CAPES e FINEP pelas bolsas de estudo concedidas durante o mestrado e também à CNPq e à FAPESP, que juntamente com a CAPES contribuem com o financiamento do Instituto de Computação da Unicamp.Agradeço ao Prof. Dr. Nelson Luis Saldanha da Fonseca, que tive a honra de ser aluno e trabalhar junto, e também a ...

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The Use of PDF/A in Digital Archives: A Case Study from Archaeology

Evans

Moore²

2014

IJDC

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In recent years the Portable Document Format (PDF) has become a ubiquitous format in the exchange of documents; in 2005 the PDF/A profile was defined in order to meet long term accessibility needs, and has accordingly come to be regarded as a long-term archiving strategy for PDF files. In the field of archaeology, a growing number of PDF files – containing the detailed results of fieldwork and research – are beginning to be deposited with digital archives such as the Archaeology Data Service (ADS). In the ADS’ experience, the use of PDF/A has had benefits as well as drawbacks: the majority of PDF reports are now in a standard format better suited to longer-term access, however migrating to PDF/A and managing and ensuring reuse of these files is intensive, and fraught with potential pitfalls. Of these, perhaps the most serious has been an unreliability in PDF/A conformance by the wide range of tools and software now available. There are also practical and more theoretical implications for reuse which, as our discipline of archaeology alongside so many others rapidly becomes digitized, presents us with a large corpus of ‘data’ that is human readable, but may not be amenable to machine-based technologies such as NLP. It may be argued that these factors effectively undermine some of the perceived cost benefit of moving from paper to digital, as well as the longer-term sustainability of PDF/A within digital archives.

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PDF/A: A Viable Addition to the Preservation Toolkit

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Beyond TIFF and JPEG2000: PDF/A as an OAIS submission information package container

Beyond TIFF and JPEG2000: PDF/A as an OAIS submission information package container

Uma arquitetura de gerência autonômica de redes virtuais baseada em sistemas multiagentes /

The Use of PDF/A in Digital Archives: A Case Study from Archaeology

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